Integrated Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Cost Management for Renovation Projects in Adaptive Reuse of Historic Buildings

Project Abstract

This study investigates the integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) with robust cost management strategies to optimize renovation projects within the adaptive reuse of historic buildings. The research addresses the critical need to balance preservation requirements, regulatory compliance, and budgetary constraints while delivering functional and sustainable spaces. A mixed-methods approach combines a comprehensive literature review, case study analyses of historic renovation projects, and quantitative cost-model development to assess how BIM-enabled workflows influence cost accuracy, schedule adherence, and risk mitigation. The study first maps current practices in BIM adoption for historic renovations, identifying gaps in data quality, heritage conservation standards, and lifecycle cost considerations. Subsequently, it develops an integrated cost-management framework that leverages BIM for 5D cost estimation, quantity takeoffs, fixed-cost versus variable-cost components, and scenario analysis for material substitutions that respect preservation guidelines. A critical component is the incorporation of probabilistic cost forecasting and Monte Carlo simulations to quantify uncertainty associated with heritage work items, such as traditional materials, specialized carpentry, and restoration of architectural features, enabling more resilient budgeting and contingency planning. The research also explores the role of BIM-driven collaboration among stakeholders—architects, heritage consultants, contractors, and funding bodies—in reducing information loss and change orders during the execution phase. Through pilot implementations on selected renovation projects, the study demonstrates how integrated BIM models facilitate accurate clash-free coordination, precise scheduling linked to cost milestones, and improved procurement strategies for reclaimed and compatible materials. Findings indicate that BIM-based cost management enhances visibility into the true lifecycle costs of adaptive reuse, including maintenance, energy retrofits, and long-term asset performance, while supporting compliance with conservation standards such as authenticity, reversibility, and minimal intervention. The framework provides actionable guidelines for data governance, model level of detail (LOD) planning aligned with project phases, and standardized cost data structures compatible with national and international heritage costing practices. The study also addresses challenges such as data fragmentation, software interoperability, and the need for capacity building among multidisciplinary teams. Implications for policy are highlighted, emphasizing policy instruments that incentivize BIM adoption in heritage projects, facilitate access to digital repositories of authentic material specifications, and standardize cost information exchange. The results contribute to a more predictable and transparent renovation process for historic buildings, reducing waste, minimizing damage to heritage elements, and achieving sustainable outcomes without compromising authenticity. The research concludes with a validated integrated BIM-cost framework, a set of best-practice procedures, and a roadmap for scaling BIM-enabled cost management across diverse contexts of historic preservation and adaptive reuse.

Project Overview

What This Project Is About

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A plain-language overview of how digital modeling (BIM) helps plan, cost, and manage renovations of historic buildings while preserving their character. The project looks at how teams can use a shared 3D model to coordinate design changes, material choices, schedules, and budgets for adaptive reuse—turning old structures into useful spaces without losing their historic value.

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The Problem It Addresses

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Many historic buildings face high renovation costs, unclear project scope, and risks to cultural heritage when updated. Traditional methods can lead to budget overruns and delays. This project explores how BIM can streamline planning, improve cost estimates, and reduce waste while respecting preservation guidelines.

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Objectives of the Project

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1. Explain BIM basics and how it supports renovation projects.
2. Identify cost management challenges in historical renovations.
3. Show how BIM helps forecast budgets, timelines, and resource needs.
4. Demonstrate best practices for preserving historic features within digital models.
5. Provide a simple workflow for integrating design, cost data, and schedules.

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What You Will Do Step by Step

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1) Review literature on BIM and renovation cost management; 2) Collect example case data from historic building projects; 3) Build a simple BIM model for a renovation scenario; 4) Create basic cost estimates linked to the model; 5) Analyze how changes affect cost and schedule; 6) Compile a set of guidelines for students and practitioners.

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Expected Outcome

A practical, easy-to-follow guide showing how BIM can support cost control in adaptive reuse projects, with a sample workflow, simple models, and recommendations for future researchers and industry practitioners.