Impact of Building Information Modeling (BIM) on cost planning and control in large-scale infrastructure projects: A case study analysis from a developing economy

Project Abstract

This study investigates the impact of Building Information Modeling (BIM) on cost planning and control in large-scale infrastructure projects within a developing economy, addressing a critical gap in the construction industry where traditional methods often lead to cost overruns, delays, and fragmented information flows. The research adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data from project cost records, BIM implementation metrics, and schedule performance with qualitative insights gathered from interviews and focus groups with project managers, cost estimators, BIM coordinators, and client representatives across three representative infrastructure projects. The primary objective is to evaluate how BIM-enabled processes influence cost accuracy, budget allocation, risk mitigation, and change management throughout the project lifecycle, from feasibility and design development through construction and handover. Secondary objectives include identifying barriers to BIM adoption (technical, organizational, and regulatory), determining the cost–benefit balance of BIM investment for different project scales, and developing a framework for robust cost control anchored in BIM-enabled workflows and standardized data libraries. Findings indicate that BIM enhances cost planning accuracy through integrated 5D modeling, enabling dynamic linkages between model geometry, quantities, unit costs, and procurement schedules. The study reveals significant improvements in early-stage cost estimation, scenario analysis, and value engineering opportunities, which contribute to reduced contingency allocations and more transparent stakeholder communication. BIM-facilitated clash detection and enhanced coordination also minimize rework, contributing to shorter schedule durations and lower indirect costs. However, the benefits are moderated by inconsistent data standards, limited interoperability between legacy software, insufficient digital skills among staff, and resistance to process change within contracting frameworks prevalent in developing economies. The research uncovers a positive correlation between BIM maturity levels and the degree of cost control achieved, with 5D BIM and integrated cost management dashboards offering the greatest gains in accuracy and responsiveness to change events. Case study results highlight the importance of early BIM adoption, governance structures, and incentives for collaboration among designers, contractors, and owners. The study proposes a practical implementation framework comprising (i) a phased BIM adoption plan aligned with project complexity, (ii) a standardized data schema and cost library, (iii) integrated cost management processes with real-time updates, (iv) capacity-building and training programs to elevate digital literacy, (v) governance and contractual adaptations to support data sharing and transparency, and (vi) a performance measurement system with defined KPIs for cost performance, schedule adherence, and risk indicators. Policy recommendations emphasize regulatory alignment to encourage BIM mandates, data interoperability standards, and public-sector procurement reforms that incentivize early BIM workflow integration. The research contributes to the scholarly discourse on cost management in infrastructure projects within developing economies and provides practitioners with actionable guidance to harness BIM for improved cost planning, control, and project outcomes. Future work suggests longitudinal studies across varied project types and regional contexts to validate the proposed framework and refine cost-benefit models under different market conditions.

Project Overview

What This Project Is About

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A practical study on how Building Information Modeling (BIM) helps plan costs and control spending in big infrastructure projects. It uses a real-world case from a developing economy to show how 3D models, schedules, and cost data work together to improve budgeting, forecasting, and decision-making.

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The Problem It Addresses

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Many large projects run over budget or face delays due to poor information sharing and changing plans. This project looks at whether BIM can reduce these issues by providing clear visuals, accurate material quantities, and integrated cost data that everyone can access.

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Objectives of the Project

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1. Explain what BIM is in plain terms and how it relates to project costs.
2. Assess current cost planning practices in a selected project.
3. Demonstrate how BIM tools influence budgeting accuracy and change management.
4. Identify barriers to adopting BIM in a developing economy and suggest improvements.

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What You Will Do Step by Step

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1. Review basic BIM concepts and cost management basics. 2. Select a suitable infrastructure project for a case study. 3. Collect data on budgets, schedules, and BIM usage. 4. Analyze how BIM changed cost estimates and decision-making. 5. Compare with traditional methods. 6. Interview key stakeholders about benefits and challenges. 7. Compile findings into practical recommendations. 8. Discuss limitations and areas for future work.

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Expected Outcome

Practical insights on when and how BIM improves cost planning and control, plus a checklist of steps for implementing BIM in similar projects within developing economies.