1) Development and formulation of a novel nanoemulsion-based topical delivery system for antifungal agents to enhance skin penetration and bioavailability 2) Evaluation of phytochemical-based nanoencapsulated extracts for targeted anticancer therapy: in vitro cytotoxicity and apoptosis studies 3) Design and optimization of a sustained-release itraconazole oral dosage form using solid dispersion and polymers 4) Pharmacovigilance data mining for adverse drug reactions associated with biologics in autoimmune disorders 5) Development of a patient-friendly palm-sized device for automated IV admixture preparation in hospital pharmacies 6) Assessment of drug–drug interactions in polypharmacy using in silico docking and in vitro validation 7) Formulation and stability study of a mucoadhesive buccal tablet containing an antihypertensive agent 8) Evaluation of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic relationships of a novel antibiotics scaffold in a preclinical model 9) Optimization of transdermal patches for analgesia using permeation enhancers and microfabricated reservoirs 10) Comparative bioavailability study of generic versus brand-name antiretroviral drugs using population pharmacokinetics

Project Abstract

This study presents an integrated, multi-topic exploration spanning novel nanoemulsion-based topical antifungals, phytochemical nanoencapsulation for targeted anticancer therapy, sustained-release itraconazole formulations, pharmacovigilance data mining for biologics in autoimmune disorders, a palm-sized automated IV admixture device, in silico and in vitro assessment of drug–drug interactions in polypharmacy, mucoadhesive buccal tablet design for antihypertensives, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling of a novel antibiotics scaffold, optimization of transdermal analgesic patches, and population pharmacokinetic analysis of generic versus brand-name antiretrovirals. The antifungal component develops a novel nanoemulsion system to enhance skin penetration and bioavailability of agents with poor solubility, employing surfactant/co-surfactant ratios, oil phase selection, and robust stability testing; in vitro skin permeation studies using Franz cells and ex vivo porcine skin are paired with in vivo pharmacokinetic correlates to quantify enhanced delivery and therapeutic potential. The anticancer segment evaluates phytochemical-loaded nanoencapsulates for targeted cytotoxicity, focusing on select signaling pathways, apoptosis induction, and alpha/beta-tubulin interactions, validated by MTT/flow cytometry assays and Western blot analyses. The itraconazole formulation employs solid dispersion techniques with hydrophilic carriers to achieve sustained release, characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, and dissolution testing in biorelevant media, aiming to reduce dosing frequency and optimize bioavailability. Pharmacovigilance mining analyzes large spontaneous reporting databases to identify signals of adverse events linked to biologics in autoimmune diseases, using disproportionality metrics and time-to-onset analyses to inform risk management. The palm-sized IV admixture device project integrates microfluidics, user-centered design, and automated validation workflows to streamline hospital pharmacy operations while maintaining asepsis and accuracy. Drug–drug interaction assessment combines in silico docking with in vitro validation using clinically relevant combinations, emphasizing polypharmacy safety in elderly populations. The buccal tablet formulation investigates mucoadhesive polymers, saliva-compatible release, and stability under pH variations, aiming for rapid onset and convenient administration. The PK/PD study of a novel antibiotic scaffold employs preclinical models to elucidate dose–response relationships, resistance potential, and optimization of therapeutic windows. Transdermal patch optimization explores permeation enhancers and microfabricated reservoirs to maximize analgesic bioavailability and patient compliance. Finally, population PK analysis compares bioavailability and exposure between generic and brand-name antiretrovirals, informing regulatory decisions and therapeutic equivalence. Integrated data synthesis across topics identifies common threads—solubility enhancement, controlled release, safety surveillance, and translational pharmacology—that collectively advance patient-centered, evidence-based pharmaceutical science.

Project Overview

What This Project Is About

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A final year project that explores advanced drug delivery and pharmacology topics. It covers making a tiny nanoemulsion cream to deliver antifungals, testing plant-based nano coatings for cancer therapies, creating a slow-release antifungal pill, analyzing reported drug side effects, designing a small device to mix IV solutions, checking drug interactions with computer models, formulating a mucoadhesive mouth tablet for blood pressure, studying how a new antibiotic behaves in the body, improving skin patches for pain relief, and comparing generic versus brand antiretroviral drugs.

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The Problem It Addresses

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Many medicines face challenges like poor skin penetration, fast breakdown in the body, or risky interactions with other drugs. Some biologics have safety concerns in autoimmune diseases. By examining these areas together, the project seeks practical, safer, and more effective ways to use medicines in real settings.

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Objectives of the Project

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1. Understand basic concepts of nanoemulsions, controlled-release formulations, and pharmacovigilance.
2. Explore methods to improve drug delivery and monitor safety signals.
3. Develop simple, testable prototypes or models for one or more topics.
4. Present findings with clear implications for patient care and future research.

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What You Will Do Step by Step

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1. Review background literature on each topic to grasp key terms and methods.
2. Choose one or two focal areas to design small experiments or assessments.
3. Plan data collection, including lab tests, literature data, or in silico analysis.
4. Analyze results using straightforward comparisons and basic statistics.
5. Interpret findings in relation to safety, efficacy, and real-world use.
6. Draft a concise report and prepare a brief presentation.

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Expected Outcome

Clear understanding of at least one topic, a small practical prototype or data analysis plan, and recommendations for safer and more effective drug use. The work should help inform future research and improve patient outcomes.