Agriculture in Sustainable Rural Development

• <p>                 <b>TABLE OF CONTENTS</b><br></p><p> Abstract ....................................................................................................................................... i&nbsp;</p><p>Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................... ii&nbsp;</p><p>List of Figures ........................................................................................................................... vi&nbsp;</p><p>List of Tables ............................................................................................................................. vi&nbsp;</p><p>List of Photos ........................................................................................................................... vii&nbsp;</p><p>List of Appendices ................................................................................................................... vii&nbsp;</p><p><b>Abbreviations and Acronyms .................................................................................................. viii&nbsp;</b></p><p><b>

Chapter ONE

INTRODUCTION

• ............................................................................................................................. 1&nbsp;</b></p><p>
• 1.1Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1&nbsp;</p><p>
• 1.2Proposition, Research Objective and Research Questions ............................................... 2&nbsp;</p><p>
• 1.3Empirical Presentation of Study Area .............................................................................. 3&nbsp;</p><p>1.
• 3.1Location and Size ...................................................................................................... 5&nbsp;</p><p>1.
• 3.2Climate and Vegetation ............................................................................................. 6&nbsp;</p><p>1.
• 3.3Economy .................................................................................................................... 6&nbsp;</p><p>
• 1.4Smallholder agricultural Production in Ghana and in the Ejisu-Juaben Municipality ..... 7&nbsp;</p><p>
• 1.5The Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy II (GPRS II 2006-2009). ........................ 10&nbsp;</p><p>1.
• 5.1Private Sector Competitiveness ............................................................................... 11&nbsp;</p><p>
• 1.6Method in Brief .............................................................................................................. 13&nbsp;</p><p> 1.
• 6.1Research Strategy .................................................................................................... 13&nbsp;</p><p>1.
• 6.2Research Design ...................................................................................................... 13&nbsp;</p><p>1.
• 6.3Data Analysis .......................................................................................................... 14&nbsp;</p><p><b>

Chapter TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• ........................................................................................................................... 17</b></p><p>LITERATURE REVIEW and THEOTETICAL FRAMEWORK ......................................... 17&nbsp;</p><p>
• 2.1Literature Review ........................................................................................................... 17&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 1.1Role of Agriculture in Sustainable Development ................................................... 17&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 1.2Is the Pursuit of Agricultural Productivity the Ultimate Panacea for Rural Development? ................................................................................................................... 21&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 1.3The GPRS II on Smallholder Agricultural Productivity ......................................... 24&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 1.4Climate Change Adaptation in the Smallholder Agricultural Sector ...................... 27&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 2.Theoretical Framework ................................................................................................. 28&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 2.1A Framework for Policy-Livelihood Relationships ................................................ 28</p><p>&nbsp;2.
• 2.2Assets ............................................................................................................................... 29 <br></p><p>2.
• 2.3Transforming Structures and Processes ........................................................................... 30&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 2.4Livelihood Outcomes ....................................................................................................... 30&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 2.5Livelihood Strategies ........................................................................................................ 30&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 2.6Vulnerability Context ....................................................................................................... 31&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 2.7Conceptual Framework of Sustainable Livelihoods Dynamics .............................. 31&nbsp;</p><p><b>2.3&nbsp; Operationalisation of Key Concepts .............................................................................. 34&nbsp;</b></p><p><b>

Chapter THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

• ........................................................................................ 37&nbsp;</b></p><p>
• 3.1Research Design and Method ......................................................................................... 37&nbsp;</p><p>3.
• 1.1Data and Sample ...................................................................................................... 38&nbsp;</p><p>
• 3.2Qualitative Method ......................................................................................................... 40&nbsp;</p><p>
• 3.3Quantitative Method ....................................................................................................... 41&nbsp;</p><p>3.
• 3.1Methods of Quantitative Analysis ........................................................................... 41</p><p>&nbsp;
• 3.4Ethical Issues .................................................................................................................. 46&nbsp;</p><p>
• 3.5Limitations of the Study ................................................................................................. 48&nbsp;</p><p><b>

Chapter FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

• ........................................................................................................................... 51&nbsp;</b></p><p>PRESENTATION OF EMPIRICAL FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS ................................ 51&nbsp;</p><p>PART 1: Agricultural Development Policy – Monitoring MOFA’s Compliance to the Action Plan .............................................................................................................................. 52&nbsp;</p><p>
• 4.1The National Level and Local Level Crop Development Policy of the GPRS II .......... 53&nbsp;</p><p>
• 4.2Alignment with Stakeholder Concerns .......................................................................... 61&nbsp;</p><p> PART 2: Interaction through Participation – Beneficiaries’ Level of Policy Awareness........65&nbsp;</p><p>
• 4.3Beneficiary Farmers: Active Participants in Agricultural Productivity and Development of their own Livelihoods? .................................................................................................... 65&nbsp;</p><p>4.
• 3.1Farmers Participation: The Demand Side ................................................................ 66&nbsp;</p><p>4.
• 3.2Roles of MOFA: The Supply Side of Participation ................................................ 71&nbsp;</p><p>
• 4.4Implications of Demand and Supply of Participation in Municipal Level Decision Making for Agricultural Productivity: Farmers’ Empowerment? ........................................ 75&nbsp;</p><p>PART 3: LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC WORKING CONDITIONS FOR SMALLHOLDER FARMERS ......................................................... 78&nbsp;</p><p>
• 4.5Local Environmental Conditions ................................................................................... 78&nbsp;</p><p>4.
• 5.1Local Knowledge and Perceptions on Climate Change .......................................... 80&nbsp;</p><p>
• 4.6Local Socio-Economic Working Conditions ................................................................. 84&nbsp;</p><p>4.
• 6.1Labour ..................................................................................................................... 86&nbsp;</p><p>4.
• 6.2Capital ..................................................................................................................... 87&nbsp;</p><p>4.
• 6.3Credit ....................................................................................................................... 90&nbsp;</p><p> 4.
• 6.4Land ......................................................................................................................... 93&nbsp;</p><p>4.
• 6.5Production levels – Including Crop Yields and Producer Prices of Crops ............. 95&nbsp;</p><p>
• 4.7Livelihood Adaptation Assessment ................................................................................ 96&nbsp;</p><p>4.
• 7.1Local Adaptation to Climate Variability ............................................................ 97&nbsp;</p><p>4.
• 7.2Local Adaptation to Adversely Changing Socio-Economic Work Conditions ..... 100&nbsp;</p><p>PART 4: Monitoring Overall Impact: Productive Capital Assets of Smallholder Farmers ................................................................................................................................................ 102&nbsp;</p><p>
• 4.8Livelihood Asset Status Tracking Assessment ............................................................ 102&nbsp;</p><p>4.
• 8.1Natural Capital ...................................................................................................... 103&nbsp;</p><p>4.
• 8.2Financial Capital ................................................................................................... 105&nbsp;</p><p>4.
• 8.3Physical Capital ..................................................................................................... 107&nbsp;</p><p>4.
• 8.4Human Capital ....................................................................................................... 109&nbsp;</p><p>4.
• 8.5Social Capital ........................................................................................................ 111&nbsp;</p><p>4.
• 8.6Aggregated Assessment ........................................................................................ 114</p><p>&nbsp;
• 4.9Links between Farmers’ Capital Asset Development and Livelihood Resilience ....... 120&nbsp;</p><p><b>

Chapter FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

• ......................................................................................................................... 123&nbsp;</b></p><p>SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............ 123&nbsp;</p><p>
• 5.1Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 123&nbsp;</p><p>
• 8.2Recommendations ........................................................................................................ 130 <br></p><p> <b>Bibliography ......................................................................................................................... 133</b></p><p><b>&nbsp;Appendices ............................................................................................................................ 139 </b> <br></p>