Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of gram negative bacteria in the urine of university students
Table Of Contents
Chapter ONE
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1Introduction
- 1.2Background of Study
- 1.3Problem Statement
- 1.4Objective of Study
- 1.5Limitation of Study
- 1.6Scope of Study
- 1.7Significance of Study
- 1.8Structure of the Research
- 1.9Definition of Terms
Chapter TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1Overview of Gram Negative Bacteria
- 2.2Prevalence of Gram Negative Bacteria in Urine
- 2.3Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
- 2.4Factors Influencing Antimicrobial Susceptibility
- 2.5Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms
- 2.6Importance of Antimicrobial Susceptibility
- 2.7Studies on Gram Negative Bacteria in University Students
- 2.8Impact of Gram Negative Bacteria in Urine Infections
- 2.9Emerging Trends in Antimicrobial Resistance
- 2.10Gaps in Current Literature
Chapter THREE
SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
- 3.1Research Design
- 3.2Sampling Methods
- 3.3Data Collection Procedures
- 3.4Data Analysis Techniques
- 3.5Ethical Considerations
- 3.6Research Setting
- 3.7Research Participants
- 3.8Measurement Instruments
Chapter FOUR
SYSTEM TESTING AND EVALUATION
- 4.1Overview of Research Findings
- 4.2Prevalence of Gram Negative Bacteria in Urine Samples
- 4.3Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns
- 4.4Comparison with Previous Studies
- 4.5Factors Influencing Antimicrobial Resistance
- 4.6Discussion on Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms
- 4.7Implications of Findings
- 4.8Recommendations for Future Research
Chapter FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- 5.1Summary of Findings
- 5.2Conclusion
- 5.3Contributions to the Field
- 5.4Implications for Practice
- 5.5Recommendations
- 5.6Areas for Future Research
- 5.7Reflection on the Research Process
- 5.8Closing Remarks
Project Abstract
<p> In order to access the prevalence and sensitivity pattern of urinary pathogens, 60 midstream urine samples from students of Caritas University were investigated using cultural methods. Samples were examined microscopically and cultured in blood agar and Macckonkey agar. Disk diffusion method was used for antibiotic testing. Of the 60 urine samples 48 yielded significant growth with a prevalence rate of 80%. It was observed that females were more infected than the males with a prevalence rate of 56.70% and 43.30% respectively under the ages of 18-25yrs.<em>Escherichia coli</em> was the most predominant. The isolates were very sensitive to Gentamycin, Nitrofurantoin and Ofloxacin which were the (most sensitive) and the most resistant were Tetracycline, Cortrimozol, Cephalexin and Ampicillin. Therefore, Nitrofurantoin, Gentamycin, Ofloxacin were strongly recommended for the treatment of UTI as indicated in the study. <br></p>Project Overview
<p> </p><p><strong>INTRODUCTION</strong></p><p>Gram negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain their crystal violet dye in the gram staining protocol. They are differentiated by their cell wall structure. The following characteristics are displayed by gram negative bacteria as follows</p><div><ul><li>Thin peptidoglycan layer(much thinner than gram positive)</li></ul></div><div><ul><li>Outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide outside the peptidoglycan layer</li></ul></div><div><ul><li>Porin exists in the outer membrane, which acts like pores</li></ul></div><div><ul><li>There is a space between the layer of peptidoglycan and the secondary cell membrane, called the periplasmic space</li></ul></div><div><ul><li>If present, flagella have four (4) supporting rings instead of two</li></ul></div><div><ul><li>No techoic acid or lipopolysaccharide</li></ul></div> <br><p></p>Blazingprojects Mobile App
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