Design and implementation of lighting switching control system (interface)

Project Abstract

<p> —In today’s world, streetlights are very much required in populated regions. Due to busy lifestyle of humans, switching operations on streetlights are not carried out on time, and a huge amount of electricity is being wasted. In the present system it is observed that streetlights are not turned OFF even when there is ample amount of light after sun rise and are turned ON even before sunset. Even in timer based street light control systems, the ON and OFF time differ noticeably during sunny and rainy days. To overcome these problems, an automatic streetlight controller is to be designed. The project aims to eliminate the manual operations and to design an energy efficient automatic streetlight controller using light dependent resistor and microcontroller. The microcontroller ‘ATmega8’ is used as brain to control the streetlight system. The programming language used for developing codes to the microcontroller is Clanguage. This automatic streetlight controlling system requires less maintenance and it is highly reliable. The LCD displays the real time and the variation in voltage across the LDR circuit, due to changes in the illumination of sunlight. The real time, ON time and OFF time setting is done using the keyboard and LCD display. The change in voltage across LDR circuit and the ON and OFF time settings are analyzed by the microcontroller and enables the automatic switching operation when the switching conditions are satisfied. The system is highly economical and reliable and requires very less maintenance. Keywords - Light Dependent Resistor (LDR), Street Light, Microcontroller, Illumination. <br></p>

Project Overview

<p> <strong>INTRODUCTION </strong><br><br><strong><em>1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY </em></strong><br>Traditionally, high control in home and office environments takes place through switches (on/off), deals and sliders (dimmers) and sometimes motion sensors. These controls can be incorporated in the built environment such as walls, or attached to lights that people place themselves (desk lamps, bed side lights). This often leads to a jumble of controls each with their own location, interaction style, and focus. <br><br><strong>This project is a demonstration</strong>&nbsp;of how a PC can be used as a control signal generation subsystem capable of generating programmable control signals for power equipment. Early studies reveal that using PC for power management was often fou7nd to be up to 25% more than energy star compliant methods. However, recent assessments have found higher rates, and was estimated that for power management. <br><br>Switching control is a good replacement for conventional pneumatic or Electro chemical high voltage AC control. This equipment is capable of not only control but energy management and system diagnostic functions. The PC control in inherentlyhas more accurate control because it reduces maintenance and recalibration problems common with pneumatic and mechanical systems. It offers other unique advantages like subsystem coordination, optimum start, diversity analysis and retrofit identification. <br><br>This design begins with the fact that a computer is needed to light bulbs of high AC rating. This immediately suggests that an interface of the PC is needed to handle the mismatch in voltage and currents between the PC and bulbs. Secondly the control data from the PC program are logic levels in serial format and at high frequency. This again means that the interface should understand the protocol of communication and convert it to the necessary parallel control singed. Due to lack of resources, the project will not be real but simulated. This system will represent for more than just manual on/off control. The system comprises of two major components, output device, and input device. Output devices work behind the scenes to control the lights by switching them off or on. Input device are the switcher i.e. the button or sensors. <br></p>