The concept of sulh in islamic law: a case study of the practice and procedure of the katsina state sharia courts

 

Table Of Contents


Chapter ONE

INTRODUCTION

  • 1.1Introduction
  • 1.2Background of Study
  • 1.3Problem Statement
  • 1.4Objective of Study
  • 1.5Limitation of Study
  • 1.6Scope of Study
  • 1.7Significance of Study
  • 1.8Structure of the Research
  • 1.9Definition of Terms

Chapter TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

  • 2.1Overview of Sulh in Islamic Law
  • 2.2Historical Perspective
  • 2.3Theoretical Framework
  • 2.4Sulh Practices in Sharia Courts
  • 2.5Comparative Analysis
  • 2.6Challenges and Controversies
  • 2.7Impact on Legal System
  • 2.8Case Studies
  • 2.9International Perspectives
  • 2.10Future Trends

Chapter THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

  • 3.1Research Methodology
  • 3.2Research Design
  • 3.3Data Collection Methods
  • 3.4Sampling Techniques
  • 3.5Data Analysis
  • 3.6Ethical Considerations
  • 3.7Limitations of Methodology
  • 3.8Validity and Reliability

Chapter FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

  • 4.1Overview of Findings
  • 4.2Analysis of Data
  • 4.3Sulh Procedures in Katsina State Sharia Courts
  • 4.4Legal Implications
  • 4.5Socio-Cultural Factors
  • 4.6Judicial Decisions
  • 4.7Recommendations
  • 4.8Future Research Directions

Chapter FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

  • 5.1Conclusion
  • 5.2Summary of Research
  • 5.3Key Findings
  • 5.4Implications for Practice
  • 5.5Recommendations for Policy
  • 5.6Contributions to Knowledge
  • 5.7Areas for Future Research
  • 5.8Final Thoughts

Project Abstract

<p> <em>This</em>&nbsp;<em>study</em>&nbsp;<em>entitled</em>&nbsp;<em>“</em><em>The</em>&nbsp;<em>C</em><em>oncept</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>Sulh</em>&nbsp;<em>in</em>&nbsp;<em>Islamic</em>&nbsp;<em>Law</em>&nbsp;<em>A</em>&nbsp;<em>C</em><em>ase</em>&nbsp;<em>Study</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>the</em>&nbsp;<em>Practice</em>&nbsp;<em>and</em>&nbsp;<em>Procedure</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>the</em>&nbsp;<em>Katsina</em>&nbsp;<em>State</em>&nbsp;<em>Sharia</em>&nbsp;<em>Courts”has</em>&nbsp;<em>examined</em>&nbsp;<em>theconcept</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>Sulh</em>&nbsp;<em>as</em>&nbsp;<em>a</em>&nbsp;<em>type</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>dispute</em>&nbsp;<em>resolution</em>&nbsp;<em>in</em>&nbsp;<em>which</em>&nbsp;<em>a</em>&nbsp;<em>third</em>&nbsp;<em>party</em>&nbsp;<em>intervenes</em>&nbsp;<em>to</em>&nbsp;<em>help</em>&nbsp;<em>disputing</em>&nbsp;<em>parties</em>&nbsp;<em>reach</em>&nbsp;<em>a</em>&nbsp;<em>mutually</em>&nbsp;<em>satisfactory</em>&nbsp;<em>agreement</em>&nbsp;<em>and</em>&nbsp;<em>the</em>&nbsp;<em>practice</em>&nbsp;<em>thereby</em>&nbsp;<em>in</em>&nbsp;<em>Katsina</em>&nbsp;<em>State</em>&nbsp;<em>Sharia</em>&nbsp;<em>Courts</em>&nbsp;<em>(KSSC).</em>&nbsp;<em>The</em>&nbsp;<em>research</em>&nbsp;<em>work</em>&nbsp;<em>is</em>&nbsp;<em>predicated</em>&nbsp;<em>upon</em>&nbsp;<em>the</em>&nbsp;<em>problem</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>the</em>&nbsp;<em>volume</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>cases</em>&nbsp;<em>coming</em>&nbsp;<em>before</em>&nbsp;<em>the</em>&nbsp;<em>KSSC</em>&nbsp;<em>and</em>&nbsp;<em>the</em>&nbsp;<em>latent</em>&nbsp;<em>absence</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>formal</em>&nbsp;<em>adoption</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>the</em>&nbsp;<em>rules</em>&nbsp;<em>and</em>&nbsp;<em>principles</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>Islamic</em>&nbsp;<em>law</em>&nbsp;<em>relating</em>&nbsp;<em>to</em>&nbsp;<em>amicable</em>&nbsp;<em>settlement</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>disputes</em>&nbsp;<em>within</em>&nbsp;<em>the</em>&nbsp;<em>judicial</em>&nbsp;<em>setting</em>&nbsp;<em>in</em>&nbsp;<em>Katsina</em>&nbsp;<em>State.</em>&nbsp;<em>The</em>&nbsp;<em>main</em>&nbsp;<em>objective</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>this</em>&nbsp;<em>work</em>&nbsp;<em>therefore,</em>&nbsp;<em>is</em>&nbsp;<em>to</em>&nbsp;<em>offer</em>&nbsp;<em>a</em>&nbsp;<em>highlight</em>&nbsp;<em>on</em>&nbsp;<em>the</em>&nbsp;<em>concept</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>Sulh</em>&nbsp;<em>as</em>&nbsp;<em>the</em>&nbsp;<em>Islamic</em>&nbsp;<em>perspective</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>Alternative</em>&nbsp;<em>Dispute</em>&nbsp;<em>Resolution</em>&nbsp;<em>(ADR).</em>&nbsp;<em>To</em>&nbsp;<em>achieve</em>&nbsp;<em>this,</em>&nbsp;<em>doctrinal</em>&nbsp;<em>and</em>&nbsp;<em>empirical</em>&nbsp;<em>methods</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>legal</em>&nbsp;<em>research</em>&nbsp;<em>was</em>&nbsp;<em>adopted.</em>&nbsp;<em>It</em>&nbsp;<em>is</em>&nbsp;<em>argued</em>&nbsp;<em>that</em>&nbsp;<em>Islamic</em>&nbsp;<em>law</em>&nbsp;<em>contemplate</em>&nbsp;<em>amicable</em>&nbsp;<em>resolution</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>disputes</em>&nbsp;<em>some</em>&nbsp;<em>1400</em>&nbsp;<em>years</em>&nbsp;<em>ago</em>&nbsp;<em>right</em>&nbsp;<em>from</em>&nbsp;<em>the</em>&nbsp;<em>7</em><em>t</em><em>h</em>&nbsp;<em>C</em><em>entury</em>&nbsp;<em>A.D.</em>&nbsp;<em>in</em>&nbsp;<em>advance</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>any</em>&nbsp;<em>W</em><em>e</em><em>stern</em>&nbsp;<em>move</em>&nbsp;<em>on</em>&nbsp;<em>the</em>&nbsp;<em>subject</em>&nbsp;<em>and</em>&nbsp;<em>in</em>&nbsp;<em>view</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>this,</em>&nbsp;<em>it</em>&nbsp;<em>was</em>&nbsp;<em>observed</em>&nbsp;<em>that,</em>&nbsp;<em>in</em>&nbsp;<em>its</em>&nbsp;<em>Islamic</em>&nbsp;<em>law</em>&nbsp;<em>conception,</em>&nbsp;<em>Sulh</em>&nbsp;<em>is</em>&nbsp;<em>one</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>the</em>&nbsp;<em>characteristic</em>&nbsp;<em>features</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>administration</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>justice</em>&nbsp;<em>in</em>&nbsp;<em>Islamic</em>&nbsp;<em>law.</em>&nbsp;<em>The</em>&nbsp;<em>findings</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>the</em>&nbsp;<em>study</em>&nbsp;<em>was</em>&nbsp;<em>that</em>&nbsp;<em>some</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>the</em>&nbsp;<em>rules</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>practice</em>&nbsp;<em>and</em>&nbsp;<em>procedure</em>&nbsp;<em>related</em>&nbsp;<em>to</em>&nbsp;<em>the</em>&nbsp;<em>concept</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>Sulh</em>&nbsp;<em>in</em>&nbsp;<em>KSSC</em>&nbsp;<em>are</em>&nbsp;<em>to</em>&nbsp;<em>a</em>&nbsp;<em>large</em>&nbsp;<em>extent,</em>&nbsp;<em>reminiscent</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>English</em>&nbsp;<em>style</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>mediation</em>&nbsp;<em>rules</em>&nbsp;<em>than</em>&nbsp;<em>that</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>Islamic</em>&nbsp;<em>law</em>&nbsp;<em>per</em>&nbsp;<em>se.</em>&nbsp;<em>Additionally,</em>&nbsp;<em>it</em>&nbsp;<em>was</em>&nbsp;<em>found</em>&nbsp;<em>that</em>&nbsp;<em>much</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>the</em>&nbsp;<em>current</em>&nbsp;<em>challenges</em>&nbsp;<em>and</em>&nbsp;<em>legal</em>&nbsp;<em>problems</em>&nbsp;<em>associated</em>&nbsp;<em>with</em>&nbsp;<em>the</em>&nbsp;<em>practice</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>Sulh</em>&nbsp;<em>before</em>&nbsp;<em>the</em>&nbsp;<em>KSSC</em>&nbsp;<em>due</em>&nbsp;<em>to</em>&nbsp;<em>the</em>&nbsp;<em>neglect</em>&nbsp;<em>by</em>&nbsp;<em>the</em>&nbsp;<em>government</em>&nbsp;<em>over</em>&nbsp;<em>the</em>&nbsp;<em>years</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>affording</em>&nbsp;<em>to</em>&nbsp;<em>Muslims</em>&nbsp;<em>a</em>&nbsp;<em>religiously</em>&nbsp;<em>based</em>&nbsp;<em>amicable</em>&nbsp;<em>dispute</em>&nbsp;<em>resolution</em>&nbsp;<em>as</em>&nbsp;<em>per</em>&nbsp;<em>the</em>&nbsp;<em>provisions</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>Islamic</em>&nbsp;<em>law.</em>&nbsp;<em>The</em>&nbsp;<em>study</em>&nbsp;<em>concludes</em>&nbsp;<em>with</em>&nbsp;<em>recommendations</em>&nbsp;<em>that</em>&nbsp;<em>Sulhu</em>&nbsp;<em>should</em>&nbsp;<em>be</em>&nbsp;<em>formally</em>&nbsp;<em>recognized</em>&nbsp;<em>as</em>&nbsp;<em>an</em>&nbsp;<em>amicable</em>&nbsp;<em>dispute</em>&nbsp;<em>resolution</em>&nbsp;<em>mechanism</em>&nbsp;<em>alongside</em>&nbsp;<em>adjudication</em>&nbsp;<em>in</em>&nbsp;<em>the</em>&nbsp;<em>KSSC</em>&nbsp;<em>it</em>&nbsp;<em>being</em>&nbsp;<em>more</em>&nbsp;<em>advantageous</em>&nbsp;<em>to</em>&nbsp;<em>Muslims</em>&nbsp;<em>than</em>&nbsp;<em>the</em>&nbsp;<em>Western</em>&nbsp;<em>conception</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>ADR.</em>&nbsp;<em>It</em>&nbsp;<em>is</em>&nbsp;<em>further</em>&nbsp;<em>recommended</em>&nbsp;<em>that</em>&nbsp;<em>it</em>&nbsp;<em>is</em>&nbsp;<em>expedient</em>&nbsp;<em>that</em>&nbsp;<em>the</em>&nbsp;<em>practice</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>Sulh</em>&nbsp;<em>shall</em>&nbsp;<em>be</em>&nbsp;<em>extended</em>&nbsp;<em>to</em>&nbsp;<em>the</em>&nbsp;<em>sphere</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>Islamic</em>&nbsp;<em>criminal</em>&nbsp;<em>justice</em>&nbsp;<em>and</em>&nbsp;<em>in</em>&nbsp;<em>line</em>&nbsp;<em>with</em>&nbsp;<em>this,</em>&nbsp;<em>the</em>&nbsp;<em>Sharia</em>&nbsp;<em>Criminal</em>&nbsp;<em>Code</em>&nbsp;<em>and</em>&nbsp;<em>the</em>&nbsp;<em>Criminal</em>&nbsp;<em>Procedure</em>&nbsp;<em>Code</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>Katsina</em>&nbsp;<em>State</em>&nbsp;<em>shall</em>&nbsp;<em>be</em>&nbsp;<em>amended</em>&nbsp;<em>urgently</em>&nbsp;<em>to</em>&nbsp;<em>reflect</em>&nbsp;<em>the</em>&nbsp;<em>teachings</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>Islamic</em>&nbsp;<em>law</em>&nbsp;<em>on</em>&nbsp;<em>the</em>&nbsp;<em>practice</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>Sulhu</em>&nbsp;<em>in</em>&nbsp;<em>criminal</em>&nbsp;<em>cases.</em>&nbsp;<em>It</em>&nbsp;<em>was</em>&nbsp;<em>also</em>&nbsp;<em>recommended</em>&nbsp;<em>that</em>&nbsp;<em>there</em>&nbsp;<em>shall</em>&nbsp;<em>be</em>&nbsp;<em>accessibility</em>&nbsp;<em>by</em>&nbsp;<em>all</em>&nbsp;<em>persons</em>&nbsp;<em>to</em>&nbsp;<em>the</em>&nbsp;<em>Sulhu-Door</em>&nbsp;<em>facility</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>the</em>&nbsp;<em>KTMDCH</em>&nbsp;<em>instead</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>being</em>&nbsp;<em>centralized</em>&nbsp;<em>in</em>&nbsp;<em>Katsina</em>&nbsp;<em>metropolis</em>&nbsp;<em>alone.It</em>&nbsp;<em>is</em>&nbsp;<em>also</em>&nbsp;<em>recommended</em>&nbsp;<em>that</em>&nbsp;<em>theSharia</em>&nbsp;<em>Court</em>&nbsp;<em>Rules</em>&nbsp;<em>and</em>&nbsp;<em>the</em>&nbsp;<em>Sulhu-Door</em>&nbsp;<em>Rules</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>Katsina</em>&nbsp;<em>State</em>&nbsp;<em>should</em>&nbsp;<em>be</em>&nbsp;<em>amended</em>&nbsp;<em>to</em>&nbsp;<em>additionally</em>&nbsp;<em>reflect</em>&nbsp;<em>the</em>&nbsp;<em>rules</em>&nbsp;<em>and</em>&nbsp;<em>principles</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>the</em>&nbsp;<em>Shariaor</em>&nbsp;<em>where</em>&nbsp;<em>possible,</em>&nbsp;<em>their</em>&nbsp;<em>replacement</em>&nbsp;<em>with</em>&nbsp;<em>a</em>&nbsp;<em>purely</em>&nbsp;<em>Sharia-based</em>&nbsp;<em>rules</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>procedure</em>&nbsp;<em>for</em>&nbsp;<em>the</em>&nbsp;<em>Sharia</em>&nbsp;<em>Court</em>&nbsp;<em>and</em>&nbsp;<em>the</em>&nbsp;<em>Sulhu</em>&nbsp;<em>Door</em>&nbsp;<em>respectively.</em> <br></p>

Project Overview

<p> </p><div><p><strong>G</strong><strong>ENERAL</strong>&nbsp;<strong>INTRODUCTION</strong></p><p><strong>1.1</strong>&nbsp;<strong>Background</strong>&nbsp;<strong>of</strong>&nbsp;<strong>the</strong>&nbsp;<strong>Study</strong></p><p>Socially, it is understood that the nature of human being as a social animal indicates that</p><p>man doesn‟t live in isolation but interact and interrelate with others in his daily life</p><p>regarding all aspects of human endeavors. And it is natural that once a group of people</p><p>live together, there may be difference of opinion, thought, taste, temperament, inclination</p><p>and behavior among individuals which differences may lead to dispute, conflict or</p><p>misunderstanding among people. When these negative attitudes arose, the Sharia does not</p><p>leave this kind of disgruntle state of conflict unchecked but provided a means of its</p><p>resolution. The mechanisms for the resolution of disputes envisaged under the Sharia</p><p>may take the form of litigation before a court of law (i.e., <em>al-qada</em>‟<em>u</em>) or its amicable</p><p>settlement (i.e., <em>As-Sulh</em>). Each of these two mechanisms has its own peculiarities.</p><p>As there are many fields of human endeavors, so do disputes or conflicts arose and</p><p>permeate these fields – be it social, economic, political, etc., and the <em>Shariah</em>&nbsp;had</p><p>recognized and institutionalized <em>Sulh</em>&nbsp;(amicable settlement) as a dispute resolution</p><p>mechanism in addition to litigation so as to restore peace and tranquility among the</p><p>Muslim <em>Ummah</em>.</p><p>Katsina State being one of the 36 States of the Federal Republic of Nigeria has inherited</p><p>the deeply rooted application of <em>Shariah</em>&nbsp;in its judicial system from the then Sokoto</p><p>Caliphate.1 Katsina State has also in the year 2000 desired the formal reintroduction or</p><p>1 Suleiman, I. <em>A</em>&nbsp;<em>Rev</em><em>olution</em>&nbsp;<em>i</em><em>n</em>&nbsp;<em>History:</em>&nbsp;<em>The</em>&nbsp;<em>Ji</em><em>h</em><em>ad</em>&nbsp;<em>of</em>&nbsp;<em>U</em><em>sm</em><em>an</em>&nbsp;<em>Dan</em>&nbsp;<em>F</em><em>odio</em>, Mansell, London (1986), p. 26; Suleiman, I. <em>The</em>&nbsp;<em>Islamic</em>&nbsp;<em>State</em>&nbsp;<em>and</em>&nbsp;<em>t</em><em>he</em>&nbsp;<em>C</em><em>h</em><em>allenge</em>&nbsp;<em>o</em><em>f</em>&nbsp;<em>History:</em>&nbsp;<em>I</em><em>deals,</em>&nbsp;<em>P</em><em>olicies</em>&nbsp;<em>and</em></p><p>14</p></div><div><p>application of Sharia in its administration of justice.2 To this end, Sharia Courts were</p><p>established and conferred with jurisdiction by virtue of the <em>Sharia</em>&nbsp;<em>Courts</em>&nbsp;<em>Law</em>3 to</p></div> <br><p></p>

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