Phytochemical analysis of cleome viscosa.

Project Abstract

Cleome viscosa, commonly known as Asian spider flower, is a plant with various medicinal and therapeutic properties. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive phytochemical analysis of Cleome viscosa to identify and quantify its bioactive compounds. The plant samples were collected, dried, and extracted using different solvents to obtain crude extracts. These extracts were then subjected to various phytochemical screening tests to detect the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, glycosides, phenols, and terpenoids. The results of the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of various bioactive compounds in Cleome viscosa. Alkaloids were detected in all the extracts, indicating the potential of the plant to exhibit pharmacological activities such as analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Flavonoids, known for their antioxidant properties, were also found in significant amounts, suggesting the plant's potential in combating oxidative stress-related diseases. Tannins, with their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, were present in moderate quantities in the extracts, further highlighting the medicinal value of Cleome viscosa. Moreover, the presence of saponins in the plant extracts indicates their potential use in lowering cholesterol levels and exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects. Glycosides, phenols, and terpenoids were also detected in the phytochemical analysis, each contributing to the overall bioactivity of Cleome viscosa. These compounds have been associated with various pharmacological activities, including anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects. Overall, the phytochemical analysis of Cleome viscosa demonstrated the richness of bioactive compounds present in the plant. The diverse phytochemical profile of Cleome viscosa suggests its potential applications in traditional medicine and pharmaceutical industries. Further studies are warranted to isolate, purify, and characterize the individual compounds identified in this analysis to fully elucidate their pharmacological properties and potential therapeutic uses. The findings of this study contribute to the growing body of knowledge on the phytochemical composition of Cleome viscosa and provide a foundation for future research on harnessing the medicinal benefits of this plant.

Project Overview

<p> </p><div><p><strong>1.0 INTRODUCTION</strong></p><p><strong>Definition</strong></p><p>The <em>Cleome viscosa Linn</em>&nbsp;is commonly known as Asian spider flower or yellow spider flower. It belongs to Capperaceae family<em>.C.viscosa</em>&nbsp;is a weed distributed throughout the tropics of the world and the plains of india. It is known as Asian spider flower in English, Namijin `yaranguwa in Hausa, Hurhur in India, Hurhuria in Bengali, Nayikkadugan in Tamil (Asolkar<em>et, al</em>. 1992).Traditionally, this plant is used in various disorders such as diarrhoea, fever, inflammation, liver diseases, bronchitis, skin diseases, and malarial fever (Henty and Pritchard, 1975). The juice is useful in piles, lumbago and earache. The analgesic, antipyretic and anti-diarrhoeal activities of the extract have been reported by researchers, it was noted that the fresh leaves of <em>C.viscosa</em>&nbsp;are widely used as medicine for Jaundice.</p><p>1</p></div><div><p>Taxonomical profile</p><p>Kingdom: Plantea</p><p>Phylum: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Tracheophyta</p><p>Class: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Magnoliopsida</p><p>Order: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Capparales</p><p>Family: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Capparaceae</p><p>Genus: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Cleome</p><p>Specie: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Viscosa</p><p>(UNEP-WCMC 2011)</p><p><strong>Brief description of the plant</strong></p><p><em>Cleome viscosa </em>belonging to the family Capparaceae (Narayana<em>et, al., </em>2003). It is an annual sticky herb with strong penetrating odor. The plant is clothed with glandular and simple hairs (Rukmini, 1978). It is a widely distributed herbaceous plant with yellow flowers and long slender pods containing seeds, which is similar to that of mustard. <em>C.viscosa</em>, also called “Dog mustard”, is a herb that</p></div><div><p>grow up to 1m height in India (Parimala<em>et, al.,</em>&nbsp;2004). Cleome is a large genus included in the Capparaceae family, which comprises 427 species occurring in tropical and subtropical regions of the world (Brummit, 1992). The native of the plant is Africa and S. Arabia to Australia.The leaves are diaphoretic, rubefacient and vesicant. They are used as an external application to wounds and ulcers. The juice of the leaves has been used to relieve earache. The seeds are anthelmintic, carminative, rubefacient and vesicant. The seeds of <em>C.viscosa</em>&nbsp;are used to treat fever, diarrhea, and infantile convulsion (Rashmi<em>, et al.,</em>&nbsp;2012). <em>C.viscosa</em>&nbsp;is a popular remedy for a variety of ailments as documented in Ethno-botanical surveys and traditional systems of medicine, such as Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani (Raghavan, 1993).</p><p><strong>1.1 Importance of phytochemicals</strong></p><p>The defuttered extract were tested for the presence of different secondary plant metabolites. Basic phytochemical screening consist of performing simple chemical test to detect the presence of alkanoids (Herbone, 1973),Tanins (Herbone, 1998) and saponid and cardial glycoside.</p></div><div><p>Observation of antibacterial activity may be due to the presence of potent phytochemical constituents in the extracts. The data obtained in the present work will be useful in the synthesis of new drugs of pharmaceutical importance. Phytochemical analysis or screening can be useful to substantiate and authenticate drugs e.gpharmacognostic</p><p><strong>1.2 Statement of the problem</strong></p><p>The chemical pollution of soil has become a major source of concern and has posed serious health problem within the last few years in many developed and developing nations (Ahmadpour<em>et, al.,</em>&nbsp;2010). The effect of heavy metal on plant resulted inhibition, structural damage, a decline of physiological and biochemical activities, as well as of the function of the plant (Oancea, 2005)<strong>.</strong>&nbsp;As a weed, <em>C.viscosa</em>is found in abundance within the University premises including students hostels and staff quarters, road-site, University mini market and other areas. The plant is increasingly dominating agricultural lands and hence pose danger to other plant species.</p></div><p><strong>1.3 Justification</strong></p><p>This plant specie is considered as a weed. Phytochemicals are generally used as a essential nutrient responsible for the protection and carrying of many health situation, including fever, diarrhea, infantile convulsion, ulcer and earache e.t.c. Hence it is important to determine the specie chemical compositions present in the leaf, pod and roots.</p><p><strong>1.4 Aim of the study</strong></p><p>The aim of the study is to determine and identify some phytochemicals present in the leaf, root and pods of <em>C. viscosa.</em></p><p><strong>1.5 objectives of the study</strong></p><p>This study have the following objectives;</p><p>1. &nbsp; To determine phytochemicals presence in the root, leaves and pods of <em>C. viscosa.</em></p><p>2. &nbsp; &nbsp; To evaluate the difference concentrations of the secondary metabolites in the root, leaves and pods of <em>C. viscosa</em>.</p> <br><p></p>