A linguistic study of loan words in nigerian pidgin

• <p> </p><p>DECLARATION …………..iii</p><p>CERTIFICATION …………….iv</p><p>DEDICATION…….v</p><p>ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS …….vi</p><p>ABSTRACT ………….ix</p><p>TABLE OF CONTENTS ……….x</p><p>

Chapter ONE

INTRODUCTION

• ……….1</p><p>INTRODUCTION …………….1</p><p>
• 1.1Background to the Study 1</p><p>
• 1.2Statement of Research Problem …………………4</p><p>
• 1.3Research Questions ……………………………………5</p><p>
• 1.4Aim and Objectives ……………………..6</p><p>
• 1.5Significance of the Study …………………..6</p><p>
• 1.6Scope and Delimitation ………………………………………….7</p><p>

Chapter TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• ………….8</p><p>REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ……………………….8</p><p>
• 2.0Preamble………………8</p><p>
• 2.1DEFINITIONS OF A PIDGIN ……………………….8</p><p>2.
• 1.1A Pidgin as a Contact Language …..8</p><p>2.
• 1.2A Pidgin as a Make-Shift Language …………..9</p><p>2.
• 1.3A Pidgin as a Restricted Language ……………… 10</p><p>2.
• 1.4Definitions Based on Communicative Needs ……..11</p><p>2.
• 1.5Pidgin as a Distinct Language …..12</p><p>
• 2.2THEORIES OF THE ORIGIN OF PIDGINS ……….12</p><p>2.
• 2.1Monogenetic Theory …………….12</p><p>2.
• 2.2Polygenetic Theories ….14</p><p>2.
• 2.3The Baby Talk Theory ………..14</p><p>2.
• 2.4Foreigner Talk Theory ……………….16</p><p>2.
• 2.5The Nautical Jargon Theory ……………….17</p><p>2.
• 2.6Theory of Linguistic Universals ……….18</p><p>
• 2.3SOCIOLINGUISTIC PROFILE OF NP …………….. 19</p><p>
• 2.4CHARACTERISTICS OF PIDGINS ………..21</p><p>
• 2.5LINGUISTIC BORROWING ———-24</p><p>2.
• 5.1Direct Borrowing ………26</p><p>2.
• 5.2Indirect Borrowing ……………… 27</p><p>
• 2.6REASONS FOR LINGUISTIC BORROWING ……………….. 28</p><p>2.
• 6.1Bilingualism …….28</p><p>2.
• 6.2Innovation/Necessity/Need for New Designation ………..29</p><p>2.
• 6.3Need for Differentiation ……………………30</p><p>2.
• 6.4Need for Euphemism…….30</p><p>2.
• 6.5Social Values …………… 31</p><p>2.
• 7.LANGUAGE BORROWING PROCESSES ……..31</p><p>2.
• 7.1Loanword ………………31</p><p>2.
• 7.2Loan shift ……………….32</p><p>2.
• 7.3Loan-translation …………….. 32<br>2.7.4<br>Loan blend ……………..32</p><p>
• 2.8LANGUAGE CONTACT AND LINGUISTIC CHANGE…………….32</p><p>
• 2.9UNIVERSALITY OF LINGUISTIC/WORD BORROWING……………..34</p><p>2.
• 9.1Words Borrowed by English: ……………………..35</p><p>2.
• 9.2Words borrowed by Nigerian Languages….36</p><p>
• 2.10THE VOCABULARY OF NIGERIAN PIDGIN ……..37</p><p>
• 2.11NAME FOR NP ………….38</p><p>
• 2.12LEXICAL ITEMS IN NP ……………. 38</p><p>
• 2.13FUNCTIONS OF A PIDGIN ………….. 40</p><p>
• 2.14USES OF NP ……….. 41</p><p>
• 2.15THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ………. 45</p><p>

Chapter THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

• ……….47</p><p>METHODOLOGY……..47</p><p>
• 3.0Preamble……47</p><p>
• 3.1Sources of Data ………….. 47</p><p>3.
• 1.1Primary Source ……….. 47</p><p>3.
• 1.2Secondary Source …………..48</p><p>
• 3.2Method of Data Collection………48</p><p>3.
• 2.1Identification of loan words 48</p><p>3.
• 2.2Questionnaire: 48</p><p>3.
• 2.3Interview 49</p><p>
• 3.3Research Subjects 49</p><p>

Chapter FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

• 50</p><p>PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA 50</p><p>
• 4.1Preamble 50</p><p>
• 4.2Procedure for Data Analysis 50</p><p>
• 4.3Semantic Shift 50</p><p>
• 4.4Categorisation of NP Loanwords into their Meanings, Origins, Direct and Indirect nature of Borrowing 51</p><p>
• 4.5Analysis of the Data 51</p><p>
• 4.6Interpretative Tables of the NP Loanwords 52</p><p>
• 4.7Coinages in NP 88</p><p>
• 4.8FINDINGS 92</p><p>
• 4.9Clash of Homonyms 96</p><p>
• 4.10Phonological Changes 97</p><p>
• 4.11Morphological Changes 98</p><p>

Chapter FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

• 99</p><p>SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 99</p><p>
• 5.1Preamble 99</p><p>
• 5.2Summary 99</p><p>
• 5.3Conclusion 100</p><p>
• 5.4Recommendations 101</p><p>
• 5.5Suggestions for Further Studies 102</p><p>APPENDIX A 110</p><p>QUESTIONNAIRE 110</p><p>APPENDIX B 113</p><p>APPENDIX C NP</p><p>LOAN WORDS (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) AND THEIR SOURCES 116</p><p>APPENDIX D 119</p><p>HANDWRITTEN SCRIPTS FROM RADIO STATIONS 119</p> <br><p></p>