Design and analysis of integrated urban household survey of nigeria

Project Abstract

<p> </p><p>/ E+uiy d i f f e r e n t methods of laride e s t i m a t i o n i n<br>complex Surveys have been proposed by many r e s e a r a h e r s .<br>quenoville (1956) introduced t h e jackknife procedure as<br>a means of reducing bias of rgtio estimates. Hansen,<br>Hurvtitz, and Madow ( 1953) described t h e random groups<br>procedure b’jhich is c l o s e s t .LG the ori8inal concept of<br>saxpling, The b o o t s t r a p method, introduced<br>o r i g i n a l l y by jzfron (1979) for the independent and<br>identically distribute4 case, r e l i e s on recomputing t h e<br>es-Limzte 0 a laybe nuiiiber B of times by resampling t h e<br>ori,i.~al cample. simple r e p l i c a t i o n is both easy t o compute<br>and by r e p l i c a t i n g at both phases, t r u e l y independent<br>gamples ire foriiied,<br>ChapLer 1 UP t h i s p r o j e c t reviews the meaning of<br>~~rilpl-ii.;s urvey arid sample survey d e s i g n . I t a l s o contai.<br>11~ the dei’iriicion of i n t e g r a t e d survey wiih its<br>advailtzbes and .J;i;;advantates, I have included b r i e f<br>notes on Plas-ker scimple and i-Ls usefulnessi<br>Chapter 2 include the d e s c r i p t i o n of the 1900 – 1986<br>FISH de5ign and 1987 – 1992 NISI- design, It a l s o<br>exarni~~etsh e o r e t i c a l l y t h e vvsights used f o r t h e<br>estimzcion i n the two designs. I have applied the<br>, ” estirAi;icr;; .o; i~roceitureco f t h e two de s igns based 011 t h e<br>198?/88 survey ddta i n order t o comp&amp;re t h e i r relatim<br>per f ori~iances~<br>iii<br>ch;igtY~-3; -= -*- -r r- . .- *..<br>f o r obtaining variallce i n lar$e scale sample surveys, .<br>They incluue t h e jackknife and b~otstrapm ethods, In<br>chapt e r 4, t h e method of u~ingt h e mean of t h e repli~aktre<br>r a t i o e.ticuates has been considered ix order to compare<br>convenizntly trith the ,bootstrap hod, Finally chapter<br>5 concludes and brings out s stions based on my<br>obsorv~L.i ons,</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p> <br><p></p>

Project Overview

<p> </p><p>1 .I ssili Survey_:Meanis<br>::;mpling Survey i s a sy~tema-ticc o l l e c t i c n of d a t a<br>from a p a r t of a population iiirough ,lie use of personal<br>interviews or other dsta &amp;athering devices in order t o<br>make inference ahout the whole population. The need to<br>callect d a t a arises i:il eve?y conceivabl-e sphere of human<br>ac Livi. ty . exe oula knobsled,e of beha viour and<br>c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of a parJcicul.zr set oP ul1i.L~i n a popul<br>a t i o n i s obtained. by F; tudyj..ng a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e crosss<br>e c t i o n of some of the u n i t s . We do not ritudy each<br>i n d i v i d u a l rile~nber of the mits because wc b e l i e v e t h a t<br>a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e i s cufficient for making i n f e r e n c e about<br>the whol-e set,&gt;<br>k ,sample survey has noc come t o be con~idered as<br>a n organised f a c t – finding ins-irurfient, ~tirsng ortance<br>to modern c i v i l i z a t i o n l i e s i n the f a c t t h a t i t can be<br>used t o surninarize, for the guidance of admi.nistrat.ion,<br>f a c t s vihick would otherwise be i n a c c e s s i b l e owing t o the<br>remoteness a:ld obscurnity of the persons or other u n i t s<br>concerned, or .their numerousnesc. AS a fact- finding<br>i n s t r ume n t , a sai~~~sjulrev e y i s concerned wi t h t h e<br>a c c u r a t e ascertainment of t h e i n d i v i d u a l facts recorded<br>and with t h e i r cornpilL2tion and summari.zation,<br>1.2 zmple su-r veyJLesign<br>~osotf the s t e p s i n v o l v e d i n p l a n n i n g a sample<br>survey a r e common t o those for a complete enumeration,<br>Some of the important a s p e c t s r e q u i r i n g a t t e n t i o n at<br>the plaming staLe a r e the following; Formulation of<br>d a t a reqiiiremen-ts, adhoc or r e p e t i t i v e survey, methods<br>of d a t a c o l l e c t i o n , survey r e f e r e n c e and r e p o r t i n g<br>periods, pr ciSlem of sanip:Ling frame, planning of p i l o t<br>survey, choice of sampling desj. gn e t c. The p r i n c i p a l<br>airii of sampling desigil is t o choose the design with the<br>siaallest e r r or because cli f i’erent sampling designs<br>r e s u l t in d i f f e r e n t sa~lpling errors, However, i n<br>cnoosini, a design one h~,st o be si-tisfied wiLh a<br>ratioml sam~lingd e s i g n chosen from among a few<br>a1 tcrnacives. s p e c i a l attejkion should be $aid .to the<br>wo r k a b i l i t y o f t h e p a r t i c u l a r sampl ing des~gnu nder<br>the p r e v a i l i n g o p e r a t i o n a l conc?:i t i o n s . Generally a<br>stratf f i e d mu1 tistage desip is adopted for l a r g e s c a l e<br>sample sul-veys. Many surveys taken by sampling seek<br>information of obvious importance t o n a t i o n a l planning,<br>~ccht o p i c s a s agrl-cultural p r o d u c t i o n and l a n d us e ,<br>~nbour force, i n d u s t r i a l production wholesale and r e t a i l<br>p r i c e s , h e a l t h s t a t u s of’ the people and family incomes<br>and expenditure are normally covered, These t o p i c s a r e<br>based on 1:ousehold survey.<br>– – 2<br>~ousel-iold surveys on these v a r i e t y of t o p i c s form a<br>sizeade and indispei~sablc p a r t of the o f f i c i a l s t a t i s t i c a l<br>operatioris of rriany c o u n t r i e s . Since. f i r s t 5mbarkFng on<br>household surveys tilose sta-kistlcal oi’fices have been<br>conductrin~ these surveys on an adhoc b a s i s . Recently<br>t h e r e have been need t o in.tegrate t h e s e surveys t o obtain<br>an i n t e r r e l a t e d s t a t i s t i c s on ~ontinuing b a s i s . For<br>example, according t o I(ordos (l983), Poland, a f t e r t r y i n g<br>other methodology of household ml’veys f’rom 1957 up t o<br>1981 decided i n 1962 t o ernbark on the i n t e g r a t e d system<br>of household surveys, The implementation wac doile i n<br>two sjlasas. The fj-rst ghase span 3 982 – 1985 whereby<br>the so-called minimum progrmme was implemented, The<br>sec2rid phase covered the period ? 986 – 1 9909 d.uring which<br>househulci surveys methodology w2s improved, u n i f i c a t i o n<br>of conce yts, d.e f i n i t i o n s slid classific&amp;tions which<br>r e l a t e t o hnuse~icjlci surveys were f i n a l i s e d ,<br>A. number o f developing c o u n t r i e s are developing<br>integrz’ced on-gorixg houseiiold surveys under ‘il-ie ~~lspices<br>of t h e u n i t e d Nations National Household Survey Capability<br>programme (~?TH,scpa) s a ra-tionaliza+Son of existing<br>survey programmec;. ‘!’he Kenya Bureau of statistic^ s e t<br>up a Ns~tl~liailn teqrated sample s u r v e y progralllnie (NIssP)<br>i n 1974 (lciregyera and philip, 1985), The Federal<br>o f f i c e of sta’cistics (FO,s) Nigeria, has been involved<br>i n household survey since t h e ecrljr f i f t i e s , but r e s o r t e d<br>t o a:l integrated system of household surveys i n 1980,<br>The implernent~,tionw as t o be done i n two p h a s e s , t h e<br>j:i l, t ~hases san t h e p e r i o d 1380-1 386 and t h e second<br>phase from 1987 – 1992.<br>An integrated survey my be defined as a survey<br>i n which continuous s e r i e s of d a t a on a wide v a r i e t y of<br>t o p i c s are c o l l e c t e d f o r t.,,e same s e t of u l t i m a t e<br>sa!nplil?g u n i t s or wl. tnin the sampling a r e a uiiits. ~hus<br>accordi-ng; t o Fozeman (1903), the casual arrangemeiits<br>t h a t had earlier on s u f f i c e d for adhoc surveys could<br>hardly be effective nor econoinical i n handling frequent<br>household surveys. This l e d to the i d e a of an i n t e g r a t e d<br>rnuliis’ub ject survey which makes i t p o s s i b l e f c r data on<br>se~e~2s.uib Jcct!~t: o be collzcted f o r t h e same s e t o f<br>ul-timzte samplin; u n i t s ,<br>An integrsted survey is u s e f u l i n the maximum and<br>effective uti%iza.tion of the availade f i e l d s t a f f on a<br>2errnancnt bdsis; helps i n studying the interrelc.:i-l;ionships<br>amon; i t e m s belongLng t o difilerent s u b j e c t f i e l d s<br>or t o p i c s . ~t is c o s t e f f e c t i v e and convenient,<br>I n t e g r a t i o n rnzkes c r o s s – c l a s s i f i c a t i o n using r e l e v a n t<br>itenis of informat,ion belonging t o d i f f e r e n t s u b j e c t<br>f i e l d p o s c i b l e and aims at u n i f i c a t i o n of’ b a s i c concepts,<br>d e f i n i t i o n s and. c l a s s i f i c a t i c n used i n d i f f e r e n t surveys.<br>4,<br>-.__’,<br>It is becauce of t h e s e advan-es that the United Nations<br>la~mched the NHsCP i n 1979 to assist the developing<br>c o u n t r i e s t o undertake systematic progrmrnes of household<br>surveys and t o develoy t h e i r survey c a p a b i l i t i e s .<br>since an integrated survey c o n s i s t s of a number of<br>succe~sive surveys on the same or s e v e r a l t o p i c s , i t<br>becomeb advantageous: t o hevre a s e t of sample units from<br>which subs ample^ can be s e l e c t e d t o s u i t each successive<br>survej-s or t o . il~ve a nuibber of independent subsamples<br>such t h a t any given stlrvey is undertaken over one or<br>more subsamgles, such a sample is c a l l e d a rqasker Saraple,<br>A Master Sample is t h e r e f o r e defined as a general<br>purpose sample from which subsamples can be drawn to serve<br>the needs of any s p e c i f i c survey or survey rounds conducted<br>over a period of time,<br>I n a multis-Lage sample, the same u l t i m a t e smple<br>u n i t s could be used f o r more than one survey, Altern<br>a t i v e l y , u l t i m a t e sample u n i t s could be r o t a t e d<br>s y s t e m a t i c a l l y for a s e r i e s of surveys or a new u l t i m a t e<br>u n i t s s e l e c t e d f o r each survey. For the sane s e t of<br>primaries. Another method is t o have a number of<br>independent subsample of p r i m a r i e s , i n such a way t h a t<br>any given survey is c a r r i e d out over one or more<br>subsamples dependiug on its sample size requirments.<br>Each aliernhtivo has i t s own m e r i t s and demerits,<br>1LA.- 7~ mnr-i tr; of a ass- -&gt;be ara that it a13nw$<br>consideraole f1exibilj.t~ i n the sample s e l e c t i o n , f o r t h e<br>most frequent r e c u r r i n g surveys. It is c o s t e f f e c t i v e i n<br>c o n s t r u c t i n g frarne for su,bsanpling ~incel i s t i n g i s done<br>only once t llr oughout the auration of the survey programme.<br>Other advantages as given by Torene et a1 (1987) a r e :<br>( i ) A master sam~le of p r i m a r i e s i n t e g r a t e s a l l<br>the surveys in the survey programme.<br>( i i ) l’TJlumerators iivuld become more familiar ivith<br>the iTlas’ier swail~le oi’ p r i m a r i e s than i f new<br>and d i f f e r e n t pri~lsriesw ere s e l e c t e d f o r<br>eacil of tlie v~riouss urveys .<br>(iii) Future surveys could be placed i n the fielci<br>with more convenience and speed s i n c e he<br>would already have a f i r s t s t a g e sample.<br>he i,lain limitation of a master sample design is<br>-chat its dasigii is usually t a i l o r e d towards the core<br>survey, The sampling requiremen-ts for the other surveys<br>i n t h e progarme a r e merely accornrnodated i n t h i s ol?e<br>master sainb~led esign. The ma s t e r sample de s ign i s n o t<br>an opti~lal design for a l l the surveys i n t h e programle.<br>Even at that, the master sample is still a valuable<br>elelL.ent for i n t e g r a t e d household survey programmes. The<br>liiaster. san,ple desihn should be determined by the availhble<br>ccst i,r:j I.ersor~ne;l which a l s o a f f e c t the d e c i s i o n on the<br>sampl~ &amp;ze, The desidn adopted should be c a r e f u l l y ,<br>considerea sirice according t o Foreman (1 983) any inade-<br>%..<br>qu~ciesi n ihe master samde selecti.on would be r e f l e c t e d<br>i n all octirnateo QQ i t , Fin~llyt h e desikn should<br>be such L!~c. t the sarupling errors a r e easily colliputed f o r<br>any of the survey est~-mtes, e.g. by replication.<br>The ]?OE s.dcpced n r.otdtional ma s t e r sarfi~~loef p r ima r i e s<br>with a nei, selec tioil 01 :louseholds for each survey, ‘.?he<br>ma s t e r sample p r ima r i e s w2re selected 1~~9cli.e ~,&lt;~A frzl;e<br>created ucring the 1973 popul-z tion cencus, Tao d i f f e r e n t<br>desi~ns:! ere u s e d i n u, ch of t h e 19 s t a t e s thzt rnade up<br>Nigeixia, one for the urPar: s e c t o r and the other f o r t h e<br>rural secior. of the Sttte. urban sectorL c o n s i s t e d of<br>thcse LownG, wiLh 20 EA’S or more, while the rural sector<br>consi~ted he tcxns with lesc than 20 KA~,s,<br>l,3 -&amp;–i-.-r n~ and Ob-j e c t i v e s ..–7<br>~riie o b j e c t i v e s of this tvorli is t o study criticc;tlly<br>the two NI$H designs used by FO,S during the 1980-1 986<br>and 1987-1 992 cnvey periods i n order t o ascertaic t h e i r<br>relati ue per i or~na:[email protected],<br>~lsot h e cstl~nationp roc edur e used by the T~fso r<br>( i ) l?cmlolr~ group procedure<br>( iij Group Jackknife<br>(iFi) 50~li;s~-r ~npa i v e and improved procel i-.es</p><p>&nbsp;</p> <br><p></p>