Analysis and design of a retaining wall

 

Table Of Contents


  • <p> </p><div><p>Preface<br>Dedication<br>Acknowledgement<br>Introduction<br>Notations used</p><p><b>

Chapter ONE

INTRODUCTION

  • <br>Introduction</b><br>Retaining walls<br>Cantilever rw<br>Rankin theory<br>Forces on cantilever rw<br>Counterfort rw<br>Forces on counterfort rw<br>The gravity rw<br>Forces on gravity rw<br>Semi gravity rw</p><p><b>

Chapter TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

  • </b><br>Stability of retaining wall<br>Soil properties of rws<br>Drainage in rw<br>Allowable bearing capacity</p><p><b>

Chapter THREE

SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

  • </b><br>Procedure for the design of rw<br>Cantilever rw<br>Analysis example</p><p><b>

Chapter FOUR

SYSTEM TESTING AND EVALUATION

  • </b><br>Design of retaining wall<br>Conclusion<br></p><p><b>REFERENCES</b></p><p></p><p><b>NOTATION USED IN THIS PROJECT</b><br>
  • 1.&nbsp; &nbsp;Angle of internal friction of soil &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;O<br>
  • 2.&nbsp; &nbsp;Unit weight of sol &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;-&amp;<br>
  • 3.&nbsp; &nbsp;Sat unit wt &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;&amp;sat<br>
  • 4.&nbsp; &nbsp;sauntered unit wt &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;– &amp;sub<br>
  • 5.&nbsp; &nbsp;Overturning moment &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;Mo<br>
  • 6.&nbsp; &nbsp;Base width of container wall &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;B<br>
  • 7.&nbsp; &nbsp;Overall height of wall &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;H<br>
  • 8.&nbsp; &nbsp;Effective height of wall &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;He<br>
  • 9.&nbsp; &nbsp;Height of stem &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;h<br>
  • 10.&nbsp; &nbsp;Effective depth &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;d<br>
  • 11.&nbsp; &nbsp;Overall depth &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;d<br>
  • 12.&nbsp; &nbsp;Weight stem &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;we<br>13- &nbsp; &nbsp;Weight soil &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;ws<br>
  • 14.&nbsp; &nbsp;Surcharge &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;S<br>
  • 15.&nbsp; &nbsp;Active pressure on wall &nbsp; &nbsp;Pa<br>
  • 16.&nbsp; &nbsp;Passive pressure on wall &nbsp; &nbsp;Pp<br>
  • 17.&nbsp; &nbsp;Breadth for design &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;<br>
  • 18.&nbsp; &nbsp;Sum of vertical weight &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;Ew<br>
  • 19.&nbsp; &nbsp;Point of application of the resultant &nbsp; &nbsp;X<br>
  • 20.&nbsp; &nbsp;Eccentricity &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;e<br>
  • 21.&nbsp; &nbsp;Sum of moments &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;Em<br>
  • 22.&nbsp; &nbsp;Characteristic strength steel &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;fy<br>
  • 23.&nbsp; &nbsp;â &nbsp; &nbsp;â &nbsp; &nbsp;â &nbsp; &nbsp;concrete &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;fcn<br>
  • 24.&nbsp; &nbsp;Lever are factor &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;z<br>
  • 25.&nbsp; &nbsp;Lever are &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Z<br>
  • 26.&nbsp; &nbsp;Ultimate shear stress &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;Vc<br>
  • 27.&nbsp; &nbsp;Shear force &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;V<br>
  • 28.&nbsp; &nbsp;Shear stress. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp;v</p><p></p></div><h3></h3><br> <br><p></p>

Project Abstract

<p> Retaining walls are structures used in providing stability for earth or materials where conditions do not give room for the material to assume its natural slope and are mostly used to hold back soil banks, coal or over, piles and water.<br>Retaining walls are distinguished from aone another based on the method of achieving stability.<br>There are six type of retaining walls and are<br>i. &nbsp; &nbsp;The gravity wall<br>ii. &nbsp; &nbsp;The cantilever wall<br>iii. &nbsp; &nbsp;The counterfort retaining wall<br>iv. &nbsp; &nbsp;Buttressed retaining wall<br>v. &nbsp; &nbsp;The crib walls<br>vi. &nbsp; &nbsp;Semi-gravity wall<br>Bridge abutments are often retaining walls with using wall extension to retain the approach fill and provide protection against erosion. They differ in two major respect from the usual retaining walls.<br>i. &nbsp; &nbsp;They carry and reactions from the bridge span.<br>ii. &nbsp; &nbsp;They are restrained at the top so that on active earth pressure is unlikely to develop.<br>Foundation walls of building mduding residential construction and retaining walls, whose function is to contain the earth of the basement.<br>Retaining walls are required to be of adequate proportion to resist over turning and sliding as wall as being structurally a proportion to resist over turning and sliding as wall as being structurally adequate.<br>Terms used in retaining wall design are shown below (f.g 1-2)<br>The toe is both the front base perfection and forward edge, similarly for the heel the backward perfection. <br></p>

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