Determination of arsenic, lead, cadmium and tin in fruit juices sold in akwa ibom state

Project Abstract

<p> The presence of heavy-metals in Rubicon, nature fresh, chivita and fumman premium juice were analyzed using NO3 and HNO3, were study Invo-Vitro in the laboratory using atomic absorption spectrophotometer techniques. The results from the study showed Rubicon contained 0.064mg/kg for cadmium 0.005mg/kg for Tin, 0.082mg/kg for lead and 0.023mg/kg for Arsenic. Nature fresh contained 0.049mg/kg in Cd,&lt;0.001mg/kg in Sn; 0.105mg/kg in Pb and 0.009mg/kg in as. Chivita premium contained 0.036mg/kg in Cd, 0.005mg/kg in Sn, 0.068mg/kg in Pb and 0.018mg/kg in as. It was observed that the highest contaminant was Lead (Pb) in nature fresh (Apple juice) and the least contaminant was Tin (Sn) in nature fresh (Apple juice). To be on a healthy side, apple fruit juice should not be consumed readily to decrease dietary intake of lead and other poisonous metals. <br></p>

Project Overview

<p> </p><p>Title &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; i</p><p>Certification &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ii</p><p>Dedication – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; iii</p><p>Acknowledgment – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; iv</p><p>Abstract &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; vi</p><p>Table of Content &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; vii</p><p>Lists of Table &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ix</p><p><strong>CHAPTER ONE</strong></p><p>1.1 &nbsp; &nbsp; Introduction &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1</p><p>1.2 &nbsp; &nbsp; Elements Found in Fruit Poisoning &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2</p><p>1.3 &nbsp; &nbsp; Arsenic as the most Toxic Element &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3</p><p>1.4 &nbsp; &nbsp; Appearance &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 5</p><p>1.5 &nbsp; &nbsp; Effect of Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead</p><p>and Tin Poisoning &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 7</p><p>1.6 &nbsp; &nbsp; Reasons for Unsafe Fruit Juices &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 8</p><p>1.7 &nbsp; &nbsp; Packaging for Safe Fruit Juices &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 8</p><p>1.8 &nbsp; &nbsp; The Acceptable Standard for Fruit Juice &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 8</p><p>1.9 &nbsp; &nbsp; Healthy Prevention of Fruit Juice Poisoning &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 9</p><p>1.10 &nbsp; Aim and Objective of the Study &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 9 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </p><p><strong>CHAPTER TWO</strong></p><p>2.0 &nbsp; &nbsp; Review of Related Literatures &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 10</p><p><strong>CHAPTER THREE</strong></p><p>3.1 &nbsp; &nbsp; Materials and Methods &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 17</p><p>3.2 &nbsp; &nbsp; Reagents Used &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 17</p><p>3.3 &nbsp; &nbsp; Equipment Used &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 17</p><p>3.4 &nbsp; &nbsp; Material Collection &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 18</p><p>3.5 &nbsp; &nbsp; Digestion of Fruit Juice – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 18</p><p>3.6 &nbsp; &nbsp; Method of Preparation &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 19</p><p>3.7 &nbsp; &nbsp; Quality control &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 20</p><p><strong>CHAPTER FOUR</strong></p><p>4.1 &nbsp; &nbsp; Result &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 21</p><p>4.2 &nbsp; &nbsp; Discussion – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 22</p><p><strong>CHAPTER FIVE</strong></p><p>5.1 &nbsp; &nbsp; Conclusion – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 24</p><p>5.2 &nbsp; &nbsp; Recommendation – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 24</p><p>5.3 &nbsp; &nbsp; References &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &amp;n</p> <br><p></p>