Refining of vegetable oil with enugu coal

• <p> </p><p>

Chapter ONE

INTRODUCTION

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• 1.1&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; INTRODUCTION</p><p>
• 1.2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; SCOPE/OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT</p><p>

Chapter TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• &nbsp; LITERATURE REVIEW</p><p>
• 2.0&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; HISTORY OF PALM OIL</p><p>
• 2.1&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; PROCESSING OF PALM OIL</p><p>
• 2.2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF PALM OIL</p><p>2.
• 2.1&nbsp; CAROTENES</p><p>2.
• 2.2&nbsp; FATTY ACIDS</p><p>2.
• 2.3&nbsp; PHOSPHOLIPIDS (PHOSPHATIDES)</p><p>2.
• 2.4&nbsp; GUMS</p><p>
• 2.3&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; CHARACTERISTICS OF PALM OIL</p><p>2.
• 3.1&nbsp; SPOILAGE FACTORS OF PALM OIL</p><p>2.
• 3.2&nbsp; PREVE4NRTIVE MEASURES</p><p>
• 2.4&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; REFINING OF CRUDE PALM OIL</p><p>2.
• 4.1&nbsp; DEGUMMING</p><p>2.
• 4.2&nbsp; NEUTRALISATION</p><p>2.
• 4.3&nbsp; BLEACHING</p><p>2.
• 4.4&nbsp; BLEACHABILITY OF PALM OIL</p><p>2.
• 4.5&nbsp; CHEMICAL BLEACHING</p><p>2.
• 4.6&nbsp; AERATION BLEACHYING</p><p>2.
• 4.7&nbsp; BLEACHING BY ADSORPTION</p><p>2.
• 5.0&nbsp; ADSORPTION</p><p>2.
• 5.1&nbsp; TYPES OF ADSORPTION</p><p>
• 2.52&nbsp; &nbsp; APPLI8CATION OF ADSORPTION PROCESS</p><p>
• 2.53&nbsp; &nbsp; NATURE OF ADSORBENT</p><p>2.
• 5.4&nbsp; STRUCTURE OF ADSORBENT</p><p>2.
• 5.5&nbsp; ADSORPTION EQUIPMENT</p><p>
• 2.6&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; COAL AS AN ADSORBENT</p><p>2.
• 6.1&nbsp; MECHANISM OF COAL FORMATION</p><p>
• 2.7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; TYPES OF COAL AND ITS PROPERTIES</p><p>2.
• 7.1&nbsp; COAL RANK AND CLASSIFICATION BY RANK</p><p>2.
• 7.2&nbsp; CLASSIFICATION OF COAL</p><p>2.
• 7.3&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; PROPERTIES OF COAL COMMONLY</p><p>USED IN CLASSIFICATION</p><p>2.
• 7.4&nbsp; PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OFT COAL</p><p>2.
• 7.5&nbsp; CAKING ANDR COKING PROPERTIES</p><p>
• 2.76&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; CALORIFIC VALUE</p><p>
• 2.77&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ACTIVATED CARBON</p><p>
• 2.78&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; CHEMICAL PROPERTIESOF COAL</p><p>
• 2.79&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; COAL CARBONIZATION</p><p><strong>
• 2.80&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</strong>ADSORPTION PARAMETERS OF ACTIVATED CARBON</p><p>

Chapter THREE

SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

• EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE</p><p>
• 3.10MATERIAL TREATEMENT</p><p>
• 3.11CARBONIZATION OF COAL</p><p>
• 3.12COAL ACTIVATED</p><p>
• 3.13PERCENTAGE APPEARENT POPOSITY OF ACTIVATED COLA</p><p>
• 3.34TREATMENT OF PALM OIL</p><p>
• 3.15BLEACHING OPERATTION</p><p>
• 3.16EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON BLEACHING</p><p>
• 3.17EFFECT OF PARTICLE SWIZE ON BLEACHING</p><p>
• 3.18EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BLEACHING OIL</p><p>TEST FOR SPECIFIC GRAVITY TEST FOR ACID VALUE</p><p>TEST FOR SAPONIFICATION VALUE</p><p>TEST FOR IODINE VALUE</p><p><strong>

Chapter FOUR

SYSTEM TESTING AND EVALUATION

• </strong></p><p>
• 4.0EXPERIMENNTAL RESULT</p><p>
• 4.1EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON BLEACHING</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; SPECIFIC GRAVITY VALUE</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; ACID VALUE</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; SAPONIFICATION VALUE</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; IODINE VALUE</p><p><strong>

Chapter FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

• </strong></p><p>
• 5.1DISCUSSION</p><p>
• 5.2CONCLUTION/RECOMMENDATION</p> <br><p></p>