Environmental accounting disclosures and firm’s profitability in the nigerian oil and gas industry in south-south region of nigeria (2006 – 2015)

 

Table Of Contents

  • <p> <b><b><b><b></b></b></b></b></p><p><b><b><b>Cover page – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; i</b></b></b></p><p><b><b><b>Title page &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ii</b></b></b></p><p><b><b><b>Declaration – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; iii</b></b></b></p><p><b><b><b>Certification &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; iv</b></b></b></p><p><b><b><b>Dedication – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; v</b></b></b></p><p><b><b><b>Acknowledgement &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; vi</b></b></b></p><p><b><b><b>Abstract &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </b></b></b></p><p><b><b><b>Table of contents – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; viii</b></b></b></p><p><b><b><b><b>

Chapter ONE

INTRODUCTION

  • </b></b></b></b></p><p><b><b><b></b></b></b></p><b><b><b><p>
  • 1.1&nbsp; &nbsp; Background of the study &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1</p><p>
  • 1.2&nbsp; &nbsp; Statement of the problem &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </p><p>
  • 1.3&nbsp; &nbsp; Objectives of the study – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 4</p><p>
  • 1.4&nbsp; &nbsp; Research Questions &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 5</p><p>
  • 1.5&nbsp; &nbsp; Research Hypothesis &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 5</p><p>
  • 1.6&nbsp; &nbsp; Significance of the study &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 6</p><p>
  • 1.7&nbsp; &nbsp; Scope of the study &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 6</p><p>
  • 1.8&nbsp; &nbsp; Limitation of the study – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 7</p><p>
  • 1.9&nbsp; &nbsp; Organisation of the study &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 7</p><p><b>

Chapter TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

  • – REVIEW OF RELATED<br>LITERATURE</b></p><p><b></b></p><b><p>
  • 2.0&nbsp; &nbsp; Introduction &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 9 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </p><p>
  • 2.1&nbsp; &nbsp; Conceptual Review &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 9 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </p><p>2.
  • 1.1Meaning and Concept of Environmental<br>Accounting &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 9 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </p><p>2.
  • 1.2Objectives of Environmental Accounting &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 11</p><p>2.
  • 1.3Benefits of Environmental Accounting &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 12</p><p>2.
  • 1.4Accounting interest in the Environment &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 14</p><p>2.
  • 1.5Impact of Environmental Issues on Financial<br>Statement &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 15</p><p>2.
  • 1.6Environmental Information and their Users &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 20</p><p>2.
  • 1.7Basic Environmental Accounting Elements &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 25</p><p>2.
  • 1.8Disclosure of Environmental Accounting<br>Information – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 27 &nbsp; &nbsp; </p><p>2.
  • 1.9Determinant of Environmental Reporting in<br>Nigeria – &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 28</p><p>2.
  • 1.10&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<br>Environmental Accounting and Profitability &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 33 &nbsp; &nbsp; </p><p>2.
  • 1.11&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<br>Importance of Environmental Accounting &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 34</p><p>2.
  • 1.12&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<br>Challenges and Problems of Environmental Account – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 36</p><p>
  • 2.2&nbsp; &nbsp; Theoretical Review &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 37</p><p>2.
  • 2.1Legitimacy Theory &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 37</p><p>2.
  • 2.2Stakeholders Theory &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 39</p><p>2.
  • 2.3Agency Theory &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 41</p><p>2.
  • 2.4Institutional Theory &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 42 &nbsp; &nbsp; </p><p>
  • 2.3&nbsp; &nbsp; Empirical Review – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 44</p><p><b>

Chapter THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

  • – METHODOLOGY</b></p><p><b></b></p><b><p>
  • 3.0&nbsp; &nbsp; Introduction &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 47</p><p>
  • 3.1&nbsp; &nbsp; Design of the Study &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 47</p><p>
  • 3.2&nbsp; &nbsp; Area of the Study – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 47</p><p>
  • 3.3&nbsp; &nbsp; Method and sources of Data Collection &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 48</p><p>
  • 3.4&nbsp; &nbsp; Model Specification and Variable<br>Description &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 48 &nbsp; &nbsp; </p><p>
  • 3.5&nbsp; &nbsp; Data Analysis Technique &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 49</p><p><b>

Chapter FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

  • – DATA PRESENTATION,<br>ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATIONS</b></p><p><b></b></p><b><p>
  • 4.1&nbsp; &nbsp; Introduction &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 50</p><p>
  • 4.2&nbsp; &nbsp; Data Presentation &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 50</p><p>
  • 4.3&nbsp; &nbsp; Testing of Hypothesis &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 51</p><p>
  • 4.4&nbsp; &nbsp; Discussion of Findings – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 52</p><p><b>

Chapter FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

  • – SUMMARY OF FINDINGS,<br>CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS</b></p><p><b></b></p><b><p>
  • 5.1&nbsp; &nbsp; Summary of Findings &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 53</p><p>
  • 5.2&nbsp; &nbsp; Conclusion – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 54 &nbsp; &nbsp; </p><p>
  • 5.3&nbsp; &nbsp; Recommendations &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 56</p><p>References<br>– &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 58</p><p><b>LIST OF TABLES</b></p><p><b></b></p><b><p><b>TABLE &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; TITLE &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <br>PAGES</b></p><p><b></b></p><b><p><b>&nbsp;</b></p><p><b></b></p><b><p>Table 1: &nbsp; &nbsp; Environmental Cost and Profit After Tax of<br>Mobil</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Producing Nigeria &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 50</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </p><p>Table 2: &nbsp; &nbsp; Analysis of Data Using SSPSS<br>(Environmental</p><p>Cost<br>and Profit After Tax) &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 51</p></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b> <br><p></p>

Project Abstract

<p> The<br>study examined the relationship between Environmental Accounting Disclosures<br>and firm’s profitability in the Nigerian oil and gas industry in South- South<br>region of Nigeria from 2006 – 2015. The<br>main objective of the study was to examine the extent to which environmental<br>accounting disclosure impact on firm’s profitability. The methodology adopted was ex-post factor<br>design, this is because the event have already taken place in the past, the<br>design used in the study is descriptive and exploratory manner because the data<br>is aim at testing the hypothesis. The<br>study used secondary data, the data were collected from textbook, magazines, internets materials<br>and financial statement of Mobil Producing Nigeria Ltd from (2007 – 2016). The hypotheses were tested using Pearson<br>Product Moment Correlation, the test is used via SSPSS view. The findings from the study showed a<br>significant relationship between environmental cost and profitability of<br>selected firms. The study recommended<br>that companies should adopt uniform reporting and disclosure of environmental<br>issues for the purpose of control and measurement of performance and government<br>should make environmental reporting in annual report compulsory since most<br>organizations loudly report their environmental activities in their report. <br></p>

Project Overview

<p> <b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b><b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></b></p><p><b><b><b><b>INTRODUCTION</b></b></b></b></p><p><b><b><b></b></b></b></p><b><b><b><p><b>1.1 &nbsp; &nbsp; Background<br>of the Study</b></p><p><b></b></p><b><p>Companies<br>are expected to prepare annual reports which disclose both qualitative and<br>quantitative information about their operations and performance (economical,<br>financial, social or otherwise) to be presented to their stakeholders (owners<br>or shareholders, government, employees etc.). <br>The information content requirements of these stakeholders are diverse<br>and as such, firms must not only disclose information about their financial<br>performance but prepare other reports such as Environmental Accounting reports,<br>sustainability report, Human Resources Accounting report, Good Corporate<br>Governance Report and so on.</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; According to Beredugo and Mefor (2013),<br>environmental accounting is an inclusive field of accounting. It provides reports for both internal and<br>external use. It generates environmental information to aid management<br>decisions on pricing, controlling overhead, and capital budgeting. Disclosing<br>environmental information is of interest to the public and to the financial<br>community.</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; In the developing countries and<br>Nigeria in particular, research previously conducted has shown that<br>environmental accounting disclosure are voluntary as a result of non-availability<br>of either local or international standards to guide disclosure. Companies tend to disclose this information<br>to conform to industry practices, pressures from environmental activist and<br>advocates, relationship with parent company (multi-National Corporations),<br>ownership structure of the company, size and level of profitability. (Bela,<br>2004).</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;The current position of environmental accounting<br>reporting and disclosures might best be described as confusing and full of<br>ambiguity. Statutory, regulatory. Quasi-regulatory<br>agents and standard setters are yet to prioritize the reporting and disclosure standard<br>and requirement for environmental accounting. While the accounting profession<br>globally recognizes the financial importance and significance of environmental<br>costs and its benefits. The majority<br>argued that the accounting and reporting for these costs need no new<br>theoretical issues and underpinnings but rather the guidance and requirement of<br>International Accounting Standard 1 (IASI) (presentation of financial<br>statement) are satisfactory. The impact<br>of the absence of the accounting standard on environmental reporting and disclosure<br>and the level of variations in the disclosure are some of the pertinent issues surrounding<br>current discussion in this area.</p><p><b>1.2 &nbsp; &nbsp; Statement<br>of the Problem</b></p><p><b></b></p><b><p>Environmental<br>accounting involves the identification, measurement and allocation of<br>environmental costs and the integration of these costs into business. It<br>encompasses the methods of communicating such information to companies’<br>stakeholders. In this sense, it is a<br>comprehensive approach to ensure good corporate governance that includes<br>transparency in its societal activities. <br>The unserious attitudes of several items have not take environmental<br>accounting into consideration makes performance below expectation (Deegan,<br>2014). This is because environmental<br>accounting helps the items to record all environmental costs incurred by the<br>business, finding a way of reducing the impact of it activities on the<br>environment (environmental expenses) so as to remain environmentally friendly.<br>According to Pramanik, Shil and Das (2007). <br>Some of the specific issues (problems) affecting the environmental<br>accounting and reporting practices include: Identification of environmental<br>cost and expenses, Capitalization of cost, Identification of environmental<br>liabilities and Measurement of liabilities</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; At present, no accounting standard has<br>been issued for accounting treatment of these specific problems. However, some guidelines<br>regarding these issues have been issued by many organizations such as<br>international chamber of commerce, the Japanese Industry Association, the<br>chemical manufacturing association, inter-governmental working group of expert<br>on intimation standards of accounting and reporting. As regard environmental reporting, different<br>organizations have also issued guidelines. <br>But these guidelines are only advisory in nature and not mandatory. Consequently, the researcher interest is therefore<br>to investigate the practice reporting status of the companies in South-South<br>Region of Nigeria and how this affects the profitability of these companies.</p><p><b>1.3 &nbsp; &nbsp; Objectives<br>of the Study</b></p><p><b></b></p><b><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; The main objective of this study is to<br>examine the extent to which environmental accounting disclosure impacts on<br>firm’s profitability. The specific<br>objectives are:</p><p>1. &nbsp; &nbsp; To<br>evaluate the level of environmental information activities disclosed by firms<br>in their annual reports.</p><p>2. &nbsp; &nbsp; To<br>examine the effect of the different accounting method of disclosing<br>environmental accounting cost.</p><p>3. &nbsp; &nbsp; To<br>examine the relationship between environmental accounting disclosures and<br>firm’s profitability.</p><p><b>1.4</b></p></b></b></b></b></b></b> <br><p></p>
Purchase This Research

Blazingprojects Mobile App

📚 Over 50,000 Project Materials
📱 100% Offline: No internet needed
📝 Over 98 Departments
🔍 Software coding and Machine construction
🎓 Postgraduate/Undergraduate Research works
📥 Instant Whatsapp/Email Delivery

Blazingprojects App
Install Mobile App

Related Research

Business administrat. 2 min read

Development of a Strategic Framework for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to Enha...

What This Project Is About This project looks at how small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) can use new digital tools and strategies to become more competitiv...

BP
Blazingprojects
Read more →
Business administrat. 3 min read

Strategies for Enhancing Organizational Efficiency through Digital Transformation in...

What This Project Is About This project looks at how small and medium enterprises (SMEs) can become more efficient by using digital tools and technology. It exp...

BP
Blazingprojects
Read more →
Business administrat. 4 min read

Innovative Strategies for Enhancing Employee Engagement and Productivity in Remote W...

What This Project Is About This project looks at how companies can find new and better ways to keep employees motivated and working well when they do their jobs...

BP
Blazingprojects
Read more →
Business administrat. 4 min read

Strategic Implementation of Digital Transformation in Small and Medium Enterprises (...

This project is about finding out how small and medium-sized businesses can effectively use digital tools and technology to improve and grow their operations. D...

BP
Blazingprojects
Read more →
Business administrat. 3 min read

Strategic Organizational Change Management in Digital Transformation Initiatives...

This project is about understanding how organizations manage change when they are making digital transformations. Digital transformation means using new technol...

BP
Blazingprojects
Read more →
Business administrat. 2 min read

Developing a Sustainable Business Model for Enhancing Small and Medium Enterprises' ...

This project focuses on creating a business plan that helps small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) grow and succeed in today’s digital world. Small and medi...

BP
Blazingprojects
Read more →
Business administrat. 3 min read

Implementation of Performance Management Systems in Small and Medium Enterprises: A ...

The project topic &quot;Implementation of Performance Management Systems in Small and Medium Enterprises: A Case Study Approach&quot; focuses on exploring how s...

BP
Blazingprojects
Read more →
Business administrat. 2 min read

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Supply Chain Management in the Retail Indus...

Supply chain management is a critical aspect of operations for retail businesses, involving the coordination of activities related to sourcing, manufacturing, a...

BP
Blazingprojects
Read more →
Business administrat. 3 min read

Utilizing Artificial Intelligence for Forecasting Sales Trends in Retail Industry...

&quot;Utilizing Artificial Intelligence for Forecasting Sales Trends in Retail Industry&quot; aims to explore the application of artificial intelligence (AI) te...

BP
Blazingprojects
Read more →
WhatsApp Click here to chat with us