THE EFFECT OF VISUAL LEARNING AIDS ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFOMANCE IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS: A CASE OF MAGU DISTRICT SECONDARY SCHOOLS

• <p>&nbsp;               <b>TABLE OF CONTENTS&nbsp;</b></p><p>CERTIFICATION ............................................................................ ii&nbsp;</p><p>COPYRIGHT ................................................................................. iii&nbsp;</p><p>DECLARATION ............................................................................. iv&nbsp;</p><p>Date.............................................................................................. iv&nbsp;</p><p>DEDICATION ................................................................................. v&nbsp;</p><p>ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.................................................................. vi&nbsp;</p><p>ABSTRACT .................................................................................. vii&nbsp;</p><p>LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................... xiii&nbsp;</p><p>LIST OF FIGURE ......................................................................... xiv&nbsp;</p><p>LIST OF APPENDICES................................................................... xv&nbsp;</p><p>LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS............................................................. xv&nbsp;</p><p>

Chapter ONE

INTRODUCTION

• ............................................................................... 1&nbsp;</p><p>BACKGROUND INFORMATION ....................................................... 1&nbsp;</p><p>
• 1.1Introduction ............................................................................. 1&nbsp;</p><p>
• 1.2Background to the Problem........................................................... 1&nbsp;</p><p>
• 1.3Statement of the Problem ............................................................. 4&nbsp;</p><p>
• 1.4General Objective...................................................................... 5&nbsp;</p><p>1.
• 4.1Specific Objectives .................................................................... 6&nbsp;</p><p>
• 1.5Research Questions.................................................................... 6&nbsp;</p><p>
• 1.6Significance of the Study ............................................................. 7&nbsp;</p><p>
• 1.7Scope of the Study ..................................................................... 7&nbsp;</p><p>
• 1.8Limitation of the Study................................................................ 8&nbsp;</p><p>
• 1.9Delimitation of the Study ............................................................. 8&nbsp;</p><p>

Chapter TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• .............................................................................. 9&nbsp;</p><p>LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................... 9&nbsp;</p><p>
• 2.1Introduction ............................................................................. 9&nbsp;</p><p>
• 2.2Theories of Visual Aids in Learning ................................................ 9&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 2.1Dual-Coding Theory................................................................... 9&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 2.2Multimedia Theory .................................................................. 10&nbsp;</p><p>2.2.
• 2.1Selection............................................................................... 10&nbsp;</p><p>2.2.
• 2.2Organization .......................................................................... 10&nbsp;</p><p>2.2.
• 2.3Integration............................................................................. 11&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 2.3Instructional Theory ................................................................. 11&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 2.4Learners Centred Approach ........................................................ 12&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 2.5Integrationist Theory ................................................................ 13&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 2.6Effectiveness of Visual Learning Aids for the Intended Learners............ 14&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 2.7Physical Qualities of Visual Learning Aids...................................... 14&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 2.8Appropriateness Use of Visual Learning Aids on Students Learning Process.................... 15&nbsp;</p><p>
• 2.3Empirical Literature ................................................................. 16&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 3.1A Study on the Usefulness of Audio-Visual Aids in English Language Teaching.................. 16&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 3.2A Study to Compare Traditional and Modern Methods of Learning by Using Audio Visual Aids ................................................................................................................................... 17&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 3.3The Importance of Visual Learning Aids in Tanzania Public Secondary Schools ................. 18&nbsp;</p><p>
• 2.4The Gap in the Literature ........................................................... 18&nbsp;</p><p>
• 2.5Conceptual Framework ............................................................. 19&nbsp;</p><p>

Chapter THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

• ......................................................................... 21&nbsp;</p><p>RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ........................................................ 21&nbsp;</p><p>
• 3.1Introduction ........................................................................... 21</p><p>&nbsp;
• 3.2Research Design ..................................................................... 21&nbsp;</p><p>
• 3.3Description of the Study Area...................................................... 22&nbsp;</p><p>
• 3.4Study Population ..................................................................... 22&nbsp;</p><p>
• 3.5Sampling Techniques................................................................ 23&nbsp;</p><p>
• 3.6Data Collection Methods and Instruments ....................................... 23&nbsp;</p><p>3.
• 6.1Questionnaires........................................................................ 24&nbsp;</p><p>3.
• 6.2Documentary Review Guide ....................................................... 24&nbsp;</p><p>3.
• 6.3Interview questions .................................................................. 24&nbsp;</p><p>3.
• 6.4Data Processing and Analysis...................................................... 24&nbsp;</p><p>
• 3.7Validity and Reliability ............................................................. 24&nbsp;</p><p>3.
• 7.1Validity ................................................................................ 25&nbsp;</p><p>3.
• 7.2Reliability ............................................................................. 25&nbsp;</p><p>
• 3.8Ethical Considerations................................................................ 25&nbsp;</p><p>

Chapter FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

• ........................................................................... 27&nbsp;</p><p>FINDINGS, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSIONS ....................................... 27&nbsp;</p><p>
• 4.1Introduction ........................................................................... 27&nbsp;</p><p>
• 4.2Characteristics of Respondents .................................................... 27&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>
• 4.3Age Distribution ..................................................................... 28&nbsp;</p><p>
• 4.4Data Presentation .................................................................... 29&nbsp;</p><p>4.
• 4.1Discussion of the Findings.......................................................... 33&nbsp;</p><p>
• 4.5To Identify the Type of Visual Learning Aids that Secondary School Teachers in Magu District Used and their Effect on Students Learning Outcomes..................................................... 34&nbsp;</p><p>4.
• 5.1Discussions of the Findings ........................................................ 35&nbsp;</p><p>
• 4.6The Barriers which Make Use of Visual Learning Aids Difficulty in Magu District Secondary Schools............................................................................................. 36&nbsp;</p><p>4.
• 6.1Heads of Schools..................................................................... 36&nbsp;</p><p>4.
• 6.2The District Education Officer..................................................... 37&nbsp;</p><p>4.
• 6.3Discussions of the Findings ........................................................ 37&nbsp;</p><p>
• 4.7Other Factors which Affect the Performance of Students in Examinations in Magu District ......................................................................................................... 37&nbsp;</p><p>4.
• 7.1Shortage of Teachers ................................................................ 37&nbsp;</p><p>4.
• 7.2Poverty of Parents.................................................................... 38&nbsp;</p><p>4.
• 7.3Students Views on Poor Performance ............................................ 38&nbsp;</p><p>

Chapter FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

• ............................................................................ 40&nbsp;</p><p>SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................... 40&nbsp;</p><p>
• 5.1Introduction ........................................................................... 40&nbsp;</p><p>
• 5.2Summary of

Chapter FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

• - 5 .......................................................... 40&nbsp;</p><p>5.
• 2.1National Form Four Examination Performance in 2013 and 2014 ........... 40&nbsp;</p><p>5.
• 2.2The Type of Visual Learning Aids in Magu District ........................... 41&nbsp;</p><p>5.
• 2.3The Barriers which Make Use of Visual Learning Aids Difficulty........... 41&nbsp;</p><p>5.
• 2.4Other Factors which Affect the Performance of Students...................... 41&nbsp;</p><p>
• 5.3Conclusion of the Study............................................................. 42&nbsp;</p><p>
• 5.4Recommendations ................................................................... 43&nbsp;</p><p>5.
• 4.1Affirmative Action on Availability of Learning Aids .......................... 43&nbsp;</p><p>5.
• 4.2Re-Invigorating Professionalism in Teachers.................................... 43&nbsp;</p><p>5.
• 4.3Area for Further Research .......................................................... 44&nbsp;</p><p>REFERENCES............................................................................... 45&nbsp;</p><p>APPENDICES................................................................................ 50&nbsp;</p>