Renal biochemical changes of pregnancy-induced hypertension in pregnant women attending tertiary hospitals in enugu state
Table Of Contents
Chapter ONE
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1Introduction
- 1.2Background of Study
- 1.3Problem Statement
- 1.4Objective of Study
- 1.5Limitation of Study
- 1.6Scope of Study
- 1.7Significance of Study
- 1.8Structure of the Research
- 1.9Definition of Terms
Chapter TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1Overview of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension
- 2.2Risk Factors for Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension
- 2.3Pathophysiology of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension
- 2.4Complications of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension
- 2.5Diagnosis and Management of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension
- 2.6Renal Biochemical Changes in Pregnancy
- 2.7Previous Studies on Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension
- 2.8Impact of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension on Renal Function
- 2.9Maternal and Fetal Outcomes in Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension
- 2.10Current Trends in Research on Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension
Chapter THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 3.1Research Design and Methodology
- 3.2Selection of Participants
- 3.3Data Collection Techniques
- 3.4Variables and Measurements
- 3.5Data Analysis Methods
- 3.6Ethical Considerations
- 3.7Pilot Study
- 3.8Data Validity and Reliability
Chapter FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
- 4.1Overview of Data Analysis
- 4.2Demographic Characteristics of Participants
- 4.3Renal Biochemical Parameters in Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension
- 4.4Correlation Analysis of Renal Function Markers
- 4.5Comparison with Normal Pregnancy Parameters
- 4.6Impact of Pregnancy Duration on Renal Function
- 4.7Discussion on Findings related to Maternal and Fetal Outcomes
- 4.8Recommendations for Clinical Practice
Chapter FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- 5.1Summary of Findings
- 5.2Conclusions
- 5.3Implications for Future Research
- 5.4Recommendations for Policy and Practice
- 5.5Contribution to the Field of Study
Project Abstract
<p> Pregnancy induced hypertensive disorders have become very common medical complication in Nigeria with its attendant morbidity and mortality. The morbidity and mortality may be associated with its possible effect on the kidneys which was studied. Results of the electrolyte changes from this study showed that there was non-significant difference (p>0.05) in sodium ion concentration of subjects with pregnancy induced hypertension in second and third trimesters (groups 4 and 5 respectively) compared with the control groups (groups 1,2,and 3) who are non-hypertensives in first, second and third trimesters respectively. Similarly, the potassium ion (K+) concentration showed non-significant difference (p>0.05) between the groups 4 and 5 and the control groups even though the highest concentration of potassium ion was seen in the group 4 subjects. From the study, chloride ion (Cl-) and bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) were found to have no significant difference (p>0.05) in concentration between groups 4 and 5 and the control groups. From the estimation of urea and creatinine, it was found that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the urea and creatinine concentration between the hypertensives and normotensives in different trimesters however it was found that both urea and creatinine increased in the third trimesters in the hypertensive. The total protein, albumin and globulin level of the subjects in groups 4 and 5 were found to decrease significantly (p<0.05) compared to the control subjects in the corresponding trimesters. <br></p>Project Overview
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