Purification and characterization of papain from carica papaya latex its application in the hydrolysis of tigernut protein homogenate

 

Table Of Contents


Chapter ONE

INTRODUCTION

  • 1.1Introduction
  • 1.2Background of Study
  • 1.3Problem Statement
  • 1.4Objective of Study
  • 1.5Limitation of Study
  • 1.6Scope of Study
  • 1.7Significance of Study
  • 1.8Structure of the Research
  • 1.9Definition of Terms

Chapter TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

  • 2.1Overview of Papain and Carica Papaya
  • 2.2Historical Perspective of Papain Extraction
  • 2.3Physical and Chemical Properties of Papain
  • 2.4Applications of Papain in Various Industries
  • 2.5Enzymatic Mechanism of Papain
  • 2.6Papain Purification Techniques
  • 2.7Characterization Methods for Papain
  • 2.8Papain's Role in Protein Hydrolysis
  • 2.9Papain's Effectiveness in Tigernut Protein Homogenate
  • 2.10Comparative Analysis of Papain with Other Proteolytic Enzymes

Chapter THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

  • 3.1Research Methodology Overview
  • 3.2Selection and Preparation of Carica Papaya Latex
  • 3.3Extraction and Purification of Papain
  • 3.4Characterization Techniques Used in the Study
  • 3.5Preparation of Tigernut Protein Homogenate
  • 3.6Enzymatic Hydrolysis Process
  • 3.7Analysis of Hydrolyzed Products
  • 3.8Statistical Analysis Methods

Chapter FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

  • 4.1Presentation of Research Findings
  • 4.2Analysis of Papain Extraction Yields
  • 4.3Characterization Results of Purified Papain
  • 4.4Effectiveness of Papain in Tigernut Protein Hydrolysis
  • 4.5Comparison of Hydrolyzed Products
  • 4.6Impact of Reaction Conditions on Enzymatic Hydrolysis
  • 4.7Discussion on Enzyme Specificity and Substrate Interactions
  • 4.8Interpretation of Experimental Data

Chapter FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

  • 5.1Conclusion and Summary
  • 5.2Summary of Research Findings
  • 5.3Contributions to the Field of Enzymology
  • 5.4Recommendations for Future Studies
  • 5.5Implications for Industrial Applications

Project Abstract

<p> In this study, the production of tiger nut suspension was carried out using a proteolytic enzyme (papain) isolated from the latex of C. papaya. The crude papain isolated was subjected to three steps purification system of 80% ammonium sulphate saturation using sephadex G50 and G200 filtrations at pH 7.2 and 37oC. The protein concentration of the crude enzyme obtained was 136 µg/ml, while its specific activity was 1.15U/mg. After 80% ammonium sulphate precipitation, the specific activity obtained was 1.31U/mg. Sephadex G50 and G200 filtrations gave specific activities of 1.48 and 1.28U/mg respectively. The optimal activity of papain was achieved at 90oC and pH 7.5 at 37oC and 1ml of 1% casein solution. The Vmax and Km were observed to be 1.133U/min/ml and 0.217µg/min/ml respectively. Pure papain obtained was used to hydrolyse tiger nut protein at 37oC and pH 7.5 compared with O-pthalaldehyde as a standard hydrolysing agent. The degree of hydrolysis was monitored with tiger nut protein concentrations ranging from 0.1-1.0g/ml and incubation times of 0, 10, 30, 60 and 120min at 340nm. The results obtained from this study suggest that the optimum incubation time for papain to hydrolyse tiger nut protein is 10min at pH 7.5 and 37oC and also, suggests that papain hydrolyses plant derive proteimn more than O-pthaldidehyde (OPA). All results obtained from this study suggest that it is highly promising to use papain extracted from unripe C. papaya as a proteloytic enzyme in the hydrolysis of tiger nut protein preparation to fortify and enrich the milk like beverage produced from tiger nut with amino acids at mild industrial conditions. <br></p>

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