EFFECTS OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS ON ACHIEVEMENT AND RETENTION OF BIOLOGY CONCEPTS AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN DELTA STATE, NIGERIA

• <p>&nbsp;              <b>TABLE OF CONTENTS&nbsp;</b></p><p>Title Page - - - i</p><p>&nbsp;Declaration - - ii&nbsp;</p><p>Certification - -iii&nbsp;</p><p>Dedication - - iv&nbsp;</p><p>Acknowledgements - - - - v&nbsp;</p><p>Table of Content -vi&nbsp;</p><p>Abbreviations - -&nbsp;ix&nbsp;</p><p>List of Tables - -x&nbsp;</p><p>List of Appendices - -xi&nbsp;</p><p>Abstract - - - xiv&nbsp;</p><p>

Chapter ONE

INTRODUCTION

• -1&nbsp;</p><p>1.1.Introduction - -1&nbsp;</p><p>1.2.Statement of the Problem - - - - 9</p><p>&nbsp;
• 1.3Objectives of the Study - - - - 10&nbsp;</p><p>
• 1.4Research Questions - - - - 11&nbsp;</p><p>
• 1.5Null Hypotheses - - - 11&nbsp;</p><p>
• 1.6Significance of the Study - - - - 12&nbsp;</p><p>
• 1.7Basic Assumptions - - - - 13&nbsp;</p><p>
• 1.8Scope and Delimitation of the Study - - - 13&nbsp;</p><p>

Chapter TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• &nbsp; - - -14</p><p>LITERATURE REVIEW&nbsp; - - -14</p><p>
• 2.1Introduction - - - - 14&nbsp;</p><p>
• 2.2Teaching Biology at Secondary School -14&nbsp;</p><p>
• 2.3Instructional Materials of Biology Teaching -15&nbsp;</p><p>
• 2.4The Use of Indoor Laboratory in the Teaching of Biology -19&nbsp;</p><p>
• 2.5Improvisation of Biology Teaching Materials -21&nbsp;</p><p>
• 2.6Science Teaching Methods - - - - 23&nbsp;</p><p>
• 2.7Academic Achievement in Biology - 29&nbsp;</p><p>
• 2.8Gender and Academic Achievement in Science-31&nbsp;</p><p>
• 2.9Retention Abilities in Biology - - - 33&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 9.1Overview of Related Studies - - - 35&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 9.2Implications of Literature Reviewed for the Present Study -37&nbsp;</p><p>

Chapter THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

• &nbsp; - - -40</p><p>METHODOLOGY&nbsp; - - -40</p><p>
• 3.1Introduction - 40&nbsp;</p><p>
• 3.2Research Design - - - - 40&nbsp;</p><p>
• 3.3Population of the Study - - - 41&nbsp;</p><p>
• 3.4Sample and Sampling Procedure - - - 43&nbsp;</p><p>3.
• 5.1Instrumentation - - - 44&nbsp;</p><p>3.
• 5.2Validity of Instrument - - - 44&nbsp;</p><p>3.
• 5.3Pilot Test - - - - - 45&nbsp;</p><p>3.
• 5.4Reliability of Instrument - - - - 46&nbsp;</p><p>3.
• 5.5Administration of Instrument - - - - - 46&nbsp;</p><p>
• 3.6Procedure for Data Analysis - - - 46&nbsp;</p><p>

Chapter FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

• &nbsp; - - -48</p><p>DATA ANALYSIS, RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS-48&nbsp;</p><p>
• 4.1Introduction - - - 48&nbsp;</p><p>
• 4.2Testing Null Hypothesis One - - - - 49&nbsp;</p><p>
• 4.3Testing Null Hypothesis Two - - - - - 50&nbsp;</p><p>
• 4.4Testing Null Hypothesis Three - - - 52&nbsp;</p><p>
• 4.5Testing Null Hypothesis Four - - - - 52&nbsp;</p><p>
• 4.6Summary of Findings - - - 54&nbsp;</p><p>
• 4.7Discussion of Findings - - - - 54&nbsp;</p><p>

Chapter FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

• &nbsp; - - -57</p><p>SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS-57</p><p>
• 5.1Introduction - -57&nbsp;</p><p>
• 5.2Summary - - - - 57&nbsp;</p><p>
• 5.3Major Findings - - - - 58&nbsp;</p><p>
• 5.4Conclusions - - - - - - 59&nbsp;</p><p>
• 5.5Recommendations - - - - 60&nbsp;</p><p>
• 5.6Limitations of the Study - - - - 60&nbsp;</p><p>
• 5.7Suggestions for Further Studies- - - - 61&nbsp;</p><p>REFERENCES - - - 62</p><p>&nbsp;APPENDICES - - - 68&nbsp;</p>