ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTS OF INQUIRY AND DEMONSTRATION METHODS ON PERFORMANCE OF BIOLOGY STUDENTS’ IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY, ABUJA, NIGERIA

• <p>&nbsp;       <b>TABLE OF CONTENTS&nbsp;</b></p><p>Cover Page-i&nbsp;</p><p>Title Page-ii&nbsp;</p><p>Declaration-iii&nbsp;</p><p>Certification-iv&nbsp;</p><p>Dedication-v&nbsp;</p><p>Acknowledgements-vi&nbsp;</p><p>Abstract-vii&nbsp;</p><p>Table of Contents-viii</p><p>List of Figures-xi&nbsp;</p><p>List of Tables-xii&nbsp;</p><p>List of Abbreviations and symbols-xiv&nbsp;</p><p>List of Appendices-xvi&nbsp;</p><p>Definition of Operational Terms-xvii&nbsp;</p><p>

Chapter ONE

INTRODUCTION

• -1</p><p>
• 1.0INTRODUCTION-1</p><p>
• 1.1Background to the Study-1&nbsp;</p><p>
• 1.2Statement of the Problem-6&nbsp;</p><p>
• 1.3Objectives of the Study-8&nbsp;</p><p>
• 1.4Research Questions-8&nbsp;</p><p>
• 1.5Research Hypotheses-9&nbsp;</p><p>
• 1.6Basic Assumptions-10&nbsp;</p><p>
• 1.7Significance of the Study-10&nbsp;</p><p>
• 1.8Scope of the Study-12&nbsp;</p><p>

Chapter TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• -13</p><p>
• 2.0REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE-13</p><p>
• 2.1Introduction-13</p><p>
• 2.2Conceptual Framework-13&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 2.1Concept of Biology-14</p><p>&nbsp;2.
• 2.2Concept of Inquiry Method-18</p><p>&nbsp;2.
• 2.3Concept of Demonstration Method-21</p><p>&nbsp;2.
• 2.4Concept of Students‘ Academic Performance-23</p><p>&nbsp;
• 2.3Theoretical Framework-24</p><p>&nbsp;2.
• 3.1Piaget‘s Development Theory-27</p><p>&nbsp;2.
• 3.2Bruner‘s Theory of Cognitive learning-30</p><p>&nbsp;2.
• 3.3Dewey‘s Cognitive Theory-33</p><p>&nbsp;2.
• 3.4Vygotsky‘s Learning Theory-35&nbsp;</p><p>
• 2.4Biology Education Curriculum in Secondary Schools in Nigeria-37</p><p>&nbsp;
• 2.5Instructional Methods in the Teaching of Biology-41&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 5.1Teacher-Centred Method-43&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 5.2Student-Centred Method-46&nbsp;</p><p>
• 2.6Inquiry Method-51&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 6.1Features of Inquiry Method-55&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 6.2The Inquiry Process-59&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 6.3Advantages and Disadvantages of Inquiry Method-64&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 6.4Influence of Inquiry method on Students‘ performance in Biology-65&nbsp;</p><p>
• 2.7Demonstration Method-66&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 7.1Types of Demonstration Method-68&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 7.2Advantages and Disadvantages of Demonstration Method-69&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 7.3Influence of Demonstration Method on Students‘ Performance in Biology-71&nbsp;</p><p>
• 2.8Student‘s attitudes towards Biology and Instructional Methods-72&nbsp;</p><p>
• 2.9Empirical Studies-74&nbsp;</p><p>
• 2.10Summary-100&nbsp;</p><p>

Chapter THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

• -101&nbsp;</p><p>
• 3.0RESEARCH METHODOLOGY-101&nbsp;</p><p>
• 3.1Introduction-101&nbsp;</p><p>
• 3.2Research Design-101&nbsp;</p><p>
• 3.3Population-103&nbsp;</p><p>
• 3.4Sample and Sampling Techniques-103&nbsp;</p><p>3.
• 4.1Homogeneity of Sample-106&nbsp;</p><p>
• 3.5Instrumentation-107&nbsp;</p><p>3.
• 5.1Table of Specification-107&nbsp;</p><p>3.
• 5.2Treatment Package-109&nbsp;</p><p>3.
• 5.3Validity of the Instrument-112&nbsp;</p><p>3.
• 5.4Pilot Study-113&nbsp;</p><p>3.
• 5.5Reliability of the Instrument-113&nbsp;</p><p>
• 3.6Procedure for Data Collection-114&nbsp;</p><p>3.
• 6.1Treatment Procedure-115&nbsp;</p><p>3.
• 6.2Control of Extraneous Variables-132&nbsp;</p><p>
• 3.7Procedure for Data Analysis-133&nbsp;</p><p>

Chapter FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

• -134&nbsp;</p><p>
• 4.0DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION-134&nbsp;</p><p>
• 4.1Introduction-134&nbsp;</p><p>
• 4.2Description of Study Variables-134&nbsp;</p><p>
• 4.3Analysis of Research Questions-135&nbsp;</p><p>
• 4.4Hypotheses Testing-139&nbsp;</p><p>
• 4.5Summary of Major Findings-145&nbsp;</p><p>
• 4.6Discussion of Findings-146&nbsp;</p><p>

Chapter FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

• -147</p><p>
• 5.0SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS-147&nbsp;</p><p>
• 5.1Summary-152&nbsp;</p><p>
• 5.2Conclusion-154&nbsp;</p><p>
• 5.3Recommendations-154&nbsp;</p><p>
• 5.4Contributions to Knowledge-155&nbsp;</p><p>
• 5.5Suggestions for further Study-156&nbsp;</p><p>References-157&nbsp;</p><p>Appendices-170 <br></p>