The use of bitterleaf (vernonia amygdalina) extract as a means of extending the shelf-life of locally brewed sorghum beer

 

Table Of Contents


Chapter ONE

INTRODUCTION

  • 1.1Introduction
  • 1.2Background of Study
  • 1.3Problem Statement
  • 1.4Objective of Study
  • 1.5Limitation of Study
  • 1.6Scope of Study
  • 1.7Significance of Study
  • 1.8Structure of the Research
  • 1.9Definition of Terms

Chapter TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

  • 2.1Overview of Literature Review
  • 2.2Historical Perspectives
  • 2.3Conceptual Framework
  • 2.4Theoretical Framework
  • 2.5Empirical Studies
  • 2.6Current Trends in the Field
  • 2.7Gaps in Existing Literature
  • 2.8Critical Analysis of Previous Work
  • 2.9Methodological Approaches in Previous Studies
  • 2.10Summary of Literature Review

Chapter THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

  • 3.1Research Methodology Overview
  • 3.2Research Design
  • 3.3Sampling Techniques
  • 3.4Data Collection Methods
  • 3.5Data Analysis Procedures
  • 3.6Ethical Considerations
  • 3.7Reliability and Validity
  • 3.8Limitations of Methodology

Chapter FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

  • 4.1Overview of Findings
  • 4.2Descriptive Statistics
  • 4.3Inferential Statistics
  • 4.4Qualitative Analysis of Data
  • 4.5Comparison of Results with Hypotheses
  • 4.6Discussion of Findings in Relation to Literature
  • 4.7Implications of Findings
  • 4.8Recommendations for Future Research

Chapter FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

  • 5.1Conclusion and Summary of Research
  • 5.2Summary of Findings
  • 5.3Contribution to Knowledge
  • 5.4Practical Implications
  • 5.5Recommendations for Practice
  • 5.6Recommendations for Policy
  • 5.7Reflection on Research Process
  • 5.8Areas for Future Research

Project Abstract

<p> Locally brewed beer (sorghum beer) is an indigenous alcohol average. It is produced mainly from sorghum grain (<em>Sorghum vulgare )</em>&nbsp;and the process of brewing involves malting, mashing, souring, fermentation and packaging. Locally brewed beer without hops has a short shelf-life. The aqueous extract of a tropical plant, bitter-leaf was used as the hop .Two type of drink were produced, one with hops and another without hops. Chemical analyses were carried out on both drinks, which gave a significant (p≤0.05) difference. Sorghum beer with hops has a total acidity of 0.562±0.03, fixed acidity of 0.203±0.001, Volatile acidity 0.360±0.02, PH 3.93, specific gravity 1.042±0.003, total dissolved solids 1.12×105ppm, total suspended solids 1.65×105ppm, ethanol content of 3.43±0.03 respectively. While sorghum beer without hops has a total acidity of 0.652 ±0.002, fixed acidity of 0.176±0.002, volatile acidity of 0.476±0.03, PH of 3.50 specific gravity of 1.021±0.003, total dissolved solid of 1.15×105ppm, total suspended solids of 1.5×105ppm and an ethanol content of 3.65±0.02. The microbial count for sorghum beer with hop had no growth of E.coli, streptococcus and staphylococcus but aspergillus was present from the 4th day and heaviest on the 8th day. While the drink without hop had growth of staphylococcus and aspergillus which was seen from the 2nd day and heaviest on the 4th day but E.coli and streptococcus was absent. From the results, the drink with hops could keep for a longer period of time than the other drink without hops. Thus, the aqueous extract of <em>Vernonia amygdalina</em>&nbsp;could extend the shelf-life of locally brewed sorghum beer. <br></p>

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