The anti-inflammatory activity of crateva adansonii dichloromethane fraction

 

Table Of Contents


  • <p> </p><p>Title page – – – – – -i</p><p>Approval page – – – – – -ii</p><p>Dedication – – – – – -iii</p><p>Acknowledgment – – – – – -iv</p><p>Abstract – – – – – -v</p><p>Table of Content – – – – – -vi</p><p><b>

Chapter ONE

INTRODUCTION

  • </b></p><p>
  • 1.0Introduction – – – – – -1</p><p>
  • 1.1Crateva adansonii – – – – – -2</p><p>
  • 1.2Research Aim &amp; Objectives – – – – – -2</p><p><b>

Chapter TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

  • </b></p><p>
  • 2.1Definition of Inflammation – – – – – -3</p><p>2.
  • 1.1What is Anti-inflammation? – – – – – -3</p><p>Types of Inflammation (Acute and Chronic) – – – -4</p><p>2.
  • 1.2Steroid and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs – – -5</p><p>2.
  • 1.3Immune selective anti-inflammatory derivative – – -6</p><p>2.
  • 1.4Pain – – – – – -7</p><p>2.
  • 1.5Long effect of inflammation – – – – – -8</p><p>2.
  • 1.6Ice Treatment of Inflammation – – – – – – 9</p><p>2.
  • 1.7Nutritional sources of anti-inflammatory compounds – -9</p><p>
  • 2.2Vascular event in inflammation- – – – – -9</p><p>2.
  • 2.1Vasoconstriction – – – – – -10</p><p>2.
  • 2.2Vasodilation – – – – – -11</p><p>2.
  • 2.3Vascular permeability – – – – – -11</p><p>
  • 2.3Cellular event – – – – – -14</p><p>2.
  • 3.1Leukocytes migration as specific Hemoral/cellular immunity- – – – – -14</p><p>
  • 2.4Mediators of inflammation – – – – – -17</p><p>2.
  • 4.1Cell derived mediators of inflammation- – – – -18</p><p>2.
  • 4.2Histamine – – – – – -19</p><p>2.
  • 4.3Cytokines – – – – – -19</p><p>2.
  • 4.4Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine)- – – – – -19</p><p>2.
  • 4.5Platelet-Activating factor (PAF)- – – – – -20</p><p>2.
  • 4.6Arachidonic Acid (AA – – – – – -20</p><p>2.
  • 4.7Free radicals as mediators of inflammation- – – – -22</p><p>2.
  • 4.8Nitric Acid (NO) – – – – – -23</p><p>2.
  • 4.9Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)- – – – – –</p><p><b>

Chapter THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

  • </b></p><p>
  • 3.1Materials, equipments and apparatus – – – – -25</p><p>
  • 3.2Chemical, reagents and practical technique- – – -25</p><p>3.
  • 2.1Methanol – – – – – -25</p><p>3.
  • 2.2N-Hexane – – – – – -26</p><p>3.
  • 2.3Ethyl acetate – – – – – -27</p><p>3.
  • 2.4Dichloromethane – – – – – -28</p><p>
  • 3.3Methodology – – – – – -29</p><p>3.
  • 3.1Collection and preparation of plant- – – – – -29</p><p>3.
  • 3.2Extraction and fractionation of plant materials- – – -29</p><p>
  • 3.4Phytochemical Analysis – – – – – -30</p><p>
  • 3.5Column chromatography – – – – – -32</p><p>
  • 3.6Thin layer chromatography – – – – – -33</p><p>
  • 3.7How to run TCL plate – – – – – -34</p><p><b>

Chapter FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

  • </b></p><p>
  • 4.0Experimental result – – – – – -38</p><p>
  • 4.1Tabular and graphical representation of effect of anti-inflammatory effect of</p><p>Crateva adansonii dichloromethane extract- – – – -38</p><p>
  • 4.2Phytochemical analysis of extract (result) – – – – -40</p><p><b>

Chapter FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

  • </b></p><p>
  • 5.0Discussion – – – – – -41</p><p>
  • 5.1Conclusion – – – – – -41</p><p><b>REFERENCE – – – – – -42</b></p><p><b>APPENDIX I</b></p><p><b>APPENDIX II</b></p><p><b>APPENDIX III</b></p><p><b>APPENDIX IV</b></p><p><b>APPENDIX V</b></p> <br><p></p>

Project Abstract

<p> </p><p>Crateva adansonii is a medicinal herb commonly used in parts of Africa because</p><p>of the side effects of Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAID), like heart</p><p>diseases and kidney failure. Inflammation is a major public heart issue in the world</p><p>but treatment is becoming complex because of the side effects of antiinflammatory</p><p>pharmaceutical drugs. Hence the need for alternative drug is highly required. This research work investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of dichloromethane fraction of methanol extract of Crateva adansonii stem bark, using rodent model. Adult Swiss albino rats (110-200g) of either sex were randomlydivided into 5 groups of 4 animals each. Groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 received different doses of the extract (300mg, 500mg, 700mg, and 900mg) in 3% v/v</p><p>tween 80 administered intraperitonally respectively. Control group-1 received volume of 3%v/v tween 80 and standards group received 100mg/kg Ibuprofen.</p><p>One hour later acute inflammation was induced by injection of 0.1ml of undiluted egg albumin into the sub planter of the right hand paw of rats. The volume of the paw was measured by mercury displacement before and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 &amp; 3 hours after egg albumin injection, while the standard was measured at internals of one hour, for up to 4 hours. Edema formation was assessed in terms of the difference in the zero time per volume of the injected pair and its volume at the different time after egg albumin injection. For each dose of extract, percentage</p><p>inhibition of edema was calculated percentage inhibition. Result show that Crateva adansonii may have anti-inflammatory effects. This finding supports the use stem bark of Crateva adansonii in not only traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammation.</p> <br><p></p>

Project Overview

Blazingprojects Mobile App

📚 Over 50,000 Project Materials
📱 100% Offline: No internet needed
📝 Over 98 Departments
🔍 Software coding and Machine construction
🎓 Postgraduate/Undergraduate Research works
📥 Instant Whatsapp/Email Delivery

Blazingprojects App

Related Research

Biochemistry. 3 min read

Development of Enzymatic Biosensors for Rapid Detection of Environmental Pollutants...

What This Project Is About This project focuses on creating tiny devices called biosensors that can quickly detect harmful pollutants in the environment, such a...

BP
Blazingprojects
Read more →
Biochemistry. 3 min read

Optimization of Enzymatic Synthesis Pathways for Sustainable Biopolymer Production...

What This Project Is About This project explores ways to make the process of creating biopolymers more efficient and eco-friendly. Biopolymers are natural plast...

BP
Blazingprojects
Read more →
Biochemistry. 4 min read

Design and Characterization of Enzyme-Activated Nanocarriers for Targeted Cancer The...

What This Project Is About This project focuses on creating tiny particles called nanocarriers that can deliver medicine directly to cancer cells. These nanocar...

BP
Blazingprojects
Read more →
Biochemistry. 4 min read

Development of Novel Enzymatic Biosensors for Rapid Detection of Plant Pathogens...

This project is about developing a new type of tool called an enzymatic biosensor, which can quickly detect harmful bacteria or viruses that cause plant disease...

BP
Blazingprojects
Read more →
Biochemistry. 2 min read

Design and optimization of enzyme nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery in cancer ...

This project is about creating tiny carriers, called nanocarriers, that can deliver medicines directly to cancer cells. Scientists are interested in using enzym...

BP
Blazingprojects
Read more →
Biochemistry. 2 min read

Exploring the Role of Epigenetic Modifications in Cancer Development and Progression...

The project titled &quot;Exploring the Role of Epigenetic Modifications in Cancer Development and Progression&quot; aims to investigate the intricate relationsh...

BP
Blazingprojects
Read more →
Biochemistry. 3 min read

Exploring the Role of MicroRNAs in Cancer Progression and Therapeutic Resistance...

The project titled &quot;Exploring the Role of MicroRNAs in Cancer Progression and Therapeutic Resistance&quot; aims to investigate the intricate involvement of...

BP
Blazingprojects
Read more →
Biochemistry. 3 min read

Exploring the Role of MicroRNAs in Cancer Development and Progression...

The project topic, &quot;Exploring the Role of MicroRNAs in Cancer Development and Progression,&quot; focuses on investigating the intricate involvement of micr...

BP
Blazingprojects
Read more →
Biochemistry. 2 min read

Exploring the Role of MicroRNAs in Cancer Progression and Therapeutic Potential...

The project topic, &quot;Exploring the Role of MicroRNAs in Cancer Progression and Therapeutic Potential,&quot; delves into the intricate world of microRNAs and...

BP
Blazingprojects
Read more →
WhatsApp Click here to chat with us