Comparative properties of the methyl and ethyl esters produced from avocado (persea americana) pulp oil
Table Of Contents
Chapter ONE
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1Introduction
- 1.2Background of Study
- 1.3Problem Statement
- 1.4Objective of Study
- 1.5Limitation of Study
- 1.6Scope of Study
- 1.7Significance of Study
- 1.8Structure of the Research
- 1.9Definition of Terms
Chapter TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1Overview of Ester Chemistry
- 2.2Avocado Pulp Oil Composition
- 2.3Methyl Esters Production
- 2.4Ethyl Esters Production
- 2.5Comparative Analysis of Methyl and Ethyl Esters
- 2.6Applications of Methyl Esters
- 2.7Applications of Ethyl Esters
- 2.8Environmental Impact of Ester Production
- 2.9Quality Standards for Ester Products
- 2.10Future Trends in Ester Production
Chapter THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 3.1Research Design
- 3.2Sampling Methods
- 3.3Data Collection Techniques
- 3.4Data Analysis Procedures
- 3.5Experimental Setup
- 3.6Variables and Controls
- 3.7Ethical Considerations
- 3.8Research Limitations
Chapter FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
- 4.1Comparative Analysis Results
- 4.2Physical Properties Comparison
- 4.3Chemical Properties Comparison
- 4.4Performance Evaluation in Applications
- 4.5Environmental Impact Assessment
- 4.6Quality Assessment of Ester Products
- 4.7Discussion on Market Acceptance
- 4.8Recommendations for Future Research
Chapter FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- 5.1Summary of Findings
- 5.2Conclusion
- 5.3Implications of the Study
- 5.4Contributions to Knowledge
- 5.5Recommendations for Practice
- 5.6Areas for Future Research
Project Abstract
<p> Biodiesel was produced from Avocado (Persea Americana) pulp oil by trans esterification with methanol and ethanol (61 methanol/ethanol-to-oil ratio) using 0.09% sodium hydroxide as catalyst in 60 minutes reaction time. The percentage yield of the methyl ester was 78% while that of the ethyl ester yield was 66%. Avocado pulp oil (APO) biodiesel obtained in each case showed good qualities on characterization with the fuel properties showing good qualities and promising diverse applications for various purposes. The brown coloured APO methyl ester was of similar acid value (0.8) with the standard ASTM D6751, with relative density (0.86) similar with that of the standard ASTM D975 petrodiesel but with slightly higher kinematic viscosity (8.1cst) than those of petrodiesel, while the ethyl ester has a higher acid value (1.26) and the relative density was 0.01 above that of petrodiesel. The pour point of the methyl eroster (-40C) and that of the ethyl ester (-20C) were within the standards specified by ASTM D975 for petrodiesel and ASTM D6751 for biodiesel. <br></p>Project Overview
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