Characterization of arginase from the liver of mango tilapia (sarotherodongalilaeus)

 

Table Of Contents


  • <p> </p><div><p><strong>HAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW</strong></p><p>1.o &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Introduction</p><p>
  • 1.2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Classification</p><p>
  • 1.3&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Distribution and occurrence</p><p>
  • 1.4&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Literature review</p><p>1.
  • 4.1&nbsp; Arginase</p><p>1.
  • 4.2&nbsp; Arginase isoenzymes</p><p>
  • 1.5&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Structural properties</p><p>1.
  • 5.1&nbsp; Molecular properties</p><p>1.
  • 5.2&nbsp; Amino acid composition</p><p>
  • 1.6&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Physicochemical properties</p><p>1.
  • 6.1&nbsp; Kinetic properties</p><p>1.
  • 6.2&nbsp; Effect of p H</p><p>1.
  • 6.3&nbsp; Effect of temperature</p><p>1.
  • 6.4&nbsp; Effect of metal ions</p><p>
  • 1.7&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Mechanism of action</p><p>
  • 1.8&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Arginase deficiency</p><p>
  • 1.9&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Biological and physiological importance of arginase</p><p>
  • 1.10&nbsp; &nbsp; Study sample</p><p>1.
  • 10.1Taxonomy</p><p>1.
  • 10.2Morphology</p><p>1.
  • 10.3Distribution</p><p>1.
  • 10.4Ecology</p><p>1.
  • 10.5Biology</p><p>1.
  • 10.6Feeding habits</p><p>1.
  • 10.7Reproduction and parental care</p><p>1.
  • 10.8Economic importance</p><p>
  • 1.11&nbsp; &nbsp; Liver</p><p>
  • 1.12&nbsp; &nbsp; Objectives</p><p>

Chapter TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

  • MATERIALS AND METHODS</p><p>
  • 2.1&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Materials</p><p>2.
  • 1.1&nbsp; Chemicals and reagents</p><p>2.
  • 1.2&nbsp; Equipments</p><p>
  • 2.2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Methods</p><p>2.
  • 2.1&nbsp; Enzyme isolation</p><p>2.
  • 2.2&nbsp; Preparation of buffer and reagents</p><p>2.2.
  • 2.10.33M Arginine</p><p>2.2.
  • 2.2Bradford reagent</p><p>2.2.
  • 2.3Erlich reagent</p><p>2.2.
  • 2.4Homogenization buffer (0.1M Phosphate buffer)</p><p>2.2.
  • 2.50.1M Citrate buffer, p H 3.0</p><p>2.2.
  • 2.60.1M Trizma HCl buffer, p H 6.0</p><p>2.2.
  • 2.70.1M Trizma HCl buffer, p H 7.0</p><p>2.2.
  • 2.80.1M Trizma HCl buffer, p H 9.0</p><p>2.2.
  • 2.9Arginase assay</p><p>2.2.
  • 2.10Protein assay</p><p>2.2.
  • 2.11Determination of kinetic parameters</p><p>2.2.
  • 2.12Effect of p H on enzyme activity</p><p>2.2.
  • 2.13Effect of temperature on enzyme activity</p><p>2.2.
  • 2.14Effect of amino acids on enzyme activity</p><p>2.2.
  • 2.15Effect of chelating compounds on arginase activity</p><p>2.2.
  • 2.16Effect of metal ions on arginase activity</p><p>

Chapter THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

  • RESULTS</p><p>
  • 3.1Effect of temperature</p><p>
  • 3.2Effect of pH</p><p>
  • 3.3Kinetic study</p><p>
  • 3.4Inhibition study</p><p>3.
  • 4.1Effect of chelating compounds</p><p>3.
  • 4.2Effect of divalent metals</p><p>3.
  • 4.3Effect of amino acids</p><p>

Chapter FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

  • DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION</p><p>
  • 4.1&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Discussion</p><p>
  • 4.2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Conclusion</p><p>
  • 4.3&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Recommendation</p><p>References</p><p>LIST OF TABLES</p><p>Table
  • 3.1&nbsp; Effect of temperature on arginase activity</p><p>Table
  • 3.2&nbsp; Effect of pH on arginase activity</p><p>Table
  • 3.3&nbsp; Kinetic study</p><p>Table
  • 3.4&nbsp; Effect of chelating compounds</p><p>Table
  • 3.5&nbsp; Effect of divalent metals</p><p>Table
  • 3.6&nbsp; Effect of amino acids</p><p>LIST OF FIGURES</p><p>Figure
  • 1.1&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; External structure of mango tilapia</p><p>Figure
  • 3.1&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Graph of temperature against activity</p><p>Figure
  • 3.2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Graph of pH against activity</p><p>Figure
  • 3.3&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Determination of Km and Vmax</p><p></p></div><h3></h3><br> <br><p></p>

Project Abstract

<p> </p><p>Arginase is a detoxifying enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of arginine into ornithine and urea, the last step of urea cycle- a process through which the body disposes off harmful ammonia. This research was carried out to determine the characteristics of liver arginase of mango tilapia (Sarotherodongalilaeus) in Opa river, Osun state.</p><p>The enzyme ‘arginase’ was isolated from the liver of mango tilapia through the process of homogenization and centrifugation which was done at 4000rev/min.The protein concentration was determined using Bradford method and the arginase assay was determined by Kaysen and Strecker method.</p><p>The kinetic study shows that mango tilapia of liver arginase has a Km value of 0.2M and a Vmax value of 166.7µmol/ml/min. The effect of temperature on arginase activity was tested and the optimum temperature for mango tilapia liver arginase is 50°C at activity of 63.44µmol/ml/min. The effect of pH was also investigated and optimum pH is 8.0 at activity of 165.1µmol/ml/min. Inhibition study was also carried out and it was observed that calcium (51.4±1.13) and zinc (51.5±4.27) strongly inhibit arginase while mercury, magnesium and sodium have little or no inhibitory effect on arginase. Also from the result, it can be deduce that citrate (20.8±4.67) and glutathione (28.6±2.53) and ethylenediamineacetic acid (EDTA) slightly inhibit arginase while urea has les inhibitory effect on arginase. The result for the effect of amino acids on enzyme activity shows that liver arginase of mango tilapia to be in this order arginine &gt; valine&gt; aspartate &gt; cysteine &gt; lysine with residual activity of 107.2%, 86.6%, 73.4%, 62.1% and 58.7% respectively.</p><p>Mango tilapia liver arginase belongs to the ureotelic class of arginases according to Mora J et al classification (1965). It has a Km value of 0.2M and aVmax value of 166.7µmol/ml/min.</p> <br><p></p>

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