ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF METHANOL, ETHANOL AND HEXANE SOME EXTRACTS OF Alstoniaboonei LEAVES
Table Of Contents
Chapter ONE
INTRODUCTION
- 1.1Introduction
- 1.2Background of Study
- 1.3Problem Statement
- 1.4Objective of Study
- 1.5Limitation of Study
- 1.6Scope of Study
- 1.7Significance of Study
- 1.8Structure of the Research
- 1.9Definition of Terms
Chapter TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- 2.1Overview of Antioxidant Activity
- 2.2Phytochemical Properties of Alstonia boonei Leaves
- 2.3Methanol Extracts of Alstonia boonei Leaves
- 2.4Ethanol Extracts of Alstonia boonei Leaves
- 2.5Hexane Extracts of Alstonia boonei Leaves
- 2.6Importance of Studying Antioxidant Activity
- 2.7Previous Research on Antioxidant Activity
- 2.8Methods for Studying Antioxidant Activity
- 2.9Theoretical Framework for Antioxidant Activity
- 2.10Current Trends in Antioxidant Research
Chapter THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 3.1Research Methodology Overview
- 3.2Selection of Alstonia boonei Leaves Samples
- 3.3Extraction Methods for Phytochemicals
- 3.4Antioxidant Assays and Testing Procedures
- 3.5Data Collection and Analysis Techniques
- 3.6Experimental Design and Variables
- 3.7Ethical Considerations in Research
- 3.8Sampling Techniques and Sample Size Determination
Chapter FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
- 4.1Analysis of Antioxidant Activity Results
- 4.2Comparison of Methanol, Ethanol, and Hexane Extracts
- 4.3Identification of Key Phytochemicals
- 4.4Relationship Between Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activity
- 4.5Discussion on the Variation in Extracts' Efficacy
- 4.6Interpretation of Findings in Relation to Previous Studies
- 4.7Implications of Results on Health and Medicine
- 4.8Future Research Directions
Chapter FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- 5.1Summary of Findings
- 5.2Conclusion and Recommendations
- 5.3Contribution to Knowledge
- 5.4Practical Applications of Study
- 5.5Limitations and Suggestions for Future Research
Project Abstract
In traditional setting, Alstoniaboonei is used for the treatment of different ailments, this has been attributed to its rich phytochemical and antioxidant properties.The objective of the study was to evaluate the phytochemical properties and antioxidant activity of the methanol, ethanol and hexane extracts of Alstoniaboonei leaves. Qualitative analysis of phytochemical constituents such as tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides flavonoids and phenols were carried out. Quantitative analysis of total phenolics, saponins and flavonoids was performed by well-known test protocol. Antioxidant activity reveals the presence of reactive oxygen species which helps to scavenge free radicals that are present in the body. The in vitro antioxidant activity was studied by diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), reducing power (RP) and ferrous ion metal chelating. Results obtained for phytochemical studies revealed that flavonoids were highest in ethanol extract(101.6±1.35) while hexane extract (56.6±1.510) had the lowest content. Also phenol was highest in methanol extract (262±4.93) and lowest in ethanol extract (172.7±1.66). Result for total tannins (271±6) and proanthocyanidin (200.7±2.19) indicates that methanol and ethanol extract had the highest amount while hexane extract had and the lowest amount. IC5o values obtained by DPPH for ethanol extracts of Alstoniaboonei (2.362µg/ml), when compared with other extracts, and was significantly (P>0.05) lower than that of the standard vitamin C (12.81µg/ml). Also, the ethanol extract(0.026µg/ml) showed low IC50 value for ferrous ion metal chelating ability when compared with other extract, but this value was non significantly (P>0.05) lower than the standard(4.11µg/ml). Therefore, Alstoniaboonei has a great potential for use as a natural source of antioxidant and also help in the treatment of various ailments, or against free radical damage.Project Overview
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