THE ROLE OF n-BUTANOL LEAF fraction OF Telfairia occidentalis ON SOME HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN PHENYL-HYDRAZINE INDUCED ANEMIA IN WISTAR RATS

• <p>&nbsp;            <b>TABLE OF CONTENTS&nbsp;</b></p><p>Title page-i&nbsp;</p><p>Certification-ii&nbsp;</p><p>Declaration-iii&nbsp;</p><p>Acknowledgement- iv&nbsp;</p><p>Abstract -v&nbsp;</p><p>Table of contents-vii&nbsp;</p><p>Lists of Figures, Tables, Plates and Appendices-ix</p><p>&nbsp;Abbreviations Definitions, Glossary and Symbols-xii&nbsp;</p><p><b>

Chapter ONE

INTRODUCTION

• </b></p><p>
• 1.0Introduction-1&nbsp;</p><p>
• 1.1Statement of research problem-3&nbsp;</p><p>
• 1.2Justification-4&nbsp;</p><p>
• 1.3Hypothesi- 5&nbsp;</p><p>
• 1.4Specific aim and objective-5&nbsp;</p><p><b>

Chapter TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• </b></p><p>
• 2.0Literature Review-7&nbsp;</p><p>
• 2.1Vitamin B12-8&nbsp;</p><p>
• 2.2Phenyl hydrazine HCL-10&nbsp;</p><p>
• 2.3Anemia among women-13&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 3.1Decrease haemoglobin-Oxygen affinity-14&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 3.2Redistribution of blood flow-15&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 3.3Increase Cardiac Output-15&nbsp;</p><p>
• 2.4Classification of anemia-17&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 4.1Cytometric classification-17&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 4.2Erythrokinetic classification-18&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 4.3Reticulocyte counts-18&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 4.4Serum heptaglobin concentration-19&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 4.5Bone marrow biopsy-20&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 4.6Biochemical classification-21&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 4.7Macrocytic anemia-22&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 4.8Normocytic anemia-22&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 4.9Microcytic anemia-24&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 5.0Dimorphic anemia-25&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 5.1Heinz body-25&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 5.2Hyperanemia - 25&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 5.3Grading of anemia - 25&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 5.4Causes of anemia - 26&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 5.6Increase destruction of Red blood cell - 27&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 5.7Intrinsic and Extrinsic factors - 27&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 5.8Mechanical trauma of Red cell - 28</p><p>&nbsp;2.5.9Autoimmune haemolytic anemia - 28</p><p>&nbsp;
• 2.61Blood loss -29&nbsp;</p><p>
• 2.23Treatment of anemia - 30</p><p>&nbsp;
• 2.24Anemia and Cardiovascular system - 31&nbsp;</p><p>2.25Anemia and oxygen delivery - 32&nbsp;</p><p>
• 2.26Anemia and haematocrit - 32&nbsp;</p><p>
• 2.27Anemia and cardio-respiratory adjust - 33&nbsp;</p><p>
• 2.67Anemia and cancer - 35&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>2.6.8Anemia and pregnancy -36</p><p>&nbsp;2.
• 6.9Anemia and kidney - 37</p><p>&nbsp;2.7Anemia and liver - 37</p><p>&nbsp;
• 2.8Portal Circulation and Anemia - 40&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 8.1Impaired blood coagulation - 41&nbsp;</p><p>
• 2.9Aplastic anemia - 41&nbsp;</p><p>2.
• 9.1Alcohol, liver disease and anemia - 43</p><p><b>

Chapter THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

• </b></p><p>
• 3.0Materials and Methods - 45</p><p>&nbsp;3.
• 1.0Collection and identification of plant material - 45</p><p>&nbsp;3.
• 1.1Method of extraction - 45&nbsp;</p><p>3.
• 1.2Animals - 45&nbsp;</p><p>3 .2 Chemicals - 46&nbsp;</p><p>
• 3.3Acute Toxicity studies - 46</p><p>&nbsp;3.
• 4.Experimental design - 46</p><p>&nbsp;3.
• 4.1Induction of anemia - 47</p><p>&nbsp;3.
• 4.2Animal groupings - 47&nbsp;</p><p>3.
• 5.Sample collection - 47</p><p>&nbsp;
• 3.6Determination of haemoglobin concentration - 48</p><p>&nbsp;
• 3.7Determination of the pack cell volume - 48</p><p>&nbsp;
• 3.8Biochemical assay - 49&nbsp;</p><p>
• 3.9Determinatoin of Bilirubin concentration - 49&nbsp;</p><p>
• 3.6Statistical analysis - 49</p><p><b>&nbsp;

Chapter FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

• &nbsp;</b></p><p>
• 4.0Results - 50&nbsp;</p><p>
• 4.1The role of n-butanol leaf fraction of T. Occidentalis on RBC - 50&nbsp;</p><p>
• 4.2The role of n-butanol leaf fraction of T. Occidentalis on WBC - 52&nbsp;</p><p>
• 4.3The role of n-butanol leaf fraction of T. Occidentalis on PCV - 54&nbsp;</p><p>
• 4.4The role of n-butanol leaf fraction of T. Occidentalis on HB - 58&nbsp;</p><p>
• 4.5The role of n-butanol leaf fraction of T Occidentalis on Bil conc - 60&nbsp;</p><p><b>

Chapter FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

• </b></p><p>
• 5.0Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendation - 60&nbsp;</p><p>
• 5.1Discussion - 60&nbsp;</p><p>
• 5.2Conclusion - 62&nbsp;</p><p>
• 5.3Recommendations - 63&nbsp;</p><p>REFERENCE - 64&nbsp;</p>