DRUGS /SUBSTANCES ABUSE AMONG STUDENTS OF KADUNA POLYTECHNIC

Project Abstract

<p> </p><h1></h1> <div><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>In the last five decades, genetic structure of populations are being studied in via ABO</p><p>blood groups system, mtDNA and Y chromosome makers to understand history of human</p><p>migration and relatedness of ethnic groups settled in close proximity. In the present study,</p><p>the distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups and associated traits among various ethnic</p><p>groups in Kogi State was analysed to determine the genetic composition of various ethnic</p><p>groups. The study was carried out using students of Kogi State College of Nursing and</p><p>Midwifery, Obangede. Participants for the study included 1,863 students of the college</p><p>(1,427 females and 436 males) aged 16-40 years. The study is both retrospective and</p><p>prospective. Records of admitted students into the college spanning 11 years (2002–2013)</p><p>consecutively were retrospectively and prospectively collected from the various record</p><p>units of the College. ABO, Rh blood group and Hb-electrophoresis tests were carried out</p><p>on a white porcelain tile using blood grouping antisera and Hb-electrophoresis machine.</p><p>From the 1,863 records reviewed for the ABO blood group, the phenotypic frequencies</p><p>were highest for ABO*O (965, 51.80%) followed by ABO*B (404, 21.70%). The</p><p>frequencies for ABO*A was observed as (379, 20.30%), whereas the frequency of</p><p>ABO*AB group was observed to be lowest (115, 9.00%). It was observed that ABO*O &gt;</p><p>ABO*B &gt; ABO*A &gt; ABO*AB for each sex. The same pattern was observed for all the</p><p>ethnic groups with a slight deviation in Bassa and Nupe where group A&gt;B. &nbsp; The</p><p>distribution of Rh antigen shows that Rh D positive was the highest with 1,755 (94.20%)</p><p>while Rh D Negative was the lowest with 108 (5.8%). The genotypic frequency for</p><p>haemoglobin was discovered to be highest for AA 1,095(58.50%) followed by AS 768</p><p>(41.00%) SS was observed to be comparatively very low 9(0.50%). The present study</p><p>reveals association of ABO with malaria, hepatitis and level of academic performance of</p><p>the subjects. There is also a weak association with birth order, BMI, height and weight.</p><p><br></p></div><p><br></p><div><p>The result from this study is in line with the observed trend in other studies in Nigeria and</p><p>also suggest that the ABO blood group disease association may affect more of metabolic</p><p>than infectious diseases.</p><p> </p><div><p><br></p></div><p></p></div><p></p>

Project Overview

<p> </p><p><br></p><p><strong>1.0</strong>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<strong>GENERAL</strong>&nbsp;<strong>INTRODUCTION</strong></p><p><strong>1.1</strong>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<strong>Background</strong>&nbsp;<strong>of</strong>&nbsp;<strong>Study</strong></p><p>Blood is defined as ―the red viscous fluid that circulates round the body supplying O2 and</p><p>nutritive substances absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract to the tissues, returns CO2 to</p><p>the lungs and other products of metabolism to the kidneys, functions in the regulation of</p><p>body temperature, and distributes hormones and other agents that regulate cell function‖</p><p>(Saladin, 2003; Barrett <em>et</em>&nbsp;<em>al</em>., 2010).</p><p>Blood has always had a special mystique. From time immemorial, people have seen blood</p><p>flow in the body and with it, the life of individual depends. People thus presumed that</p><p>blood carried a mysterious ―vital force,‖ and Roman gladiators drank it to fortify</p><p>themselves for battle. From ancient Egypt to nineteenth-century America, physicians</p><p>drained ―bad blood‖ from their patients to treat everything from gout to headaches, from</p><p>menstrual cramps to mental illness (Saladin, 2003).</p><p>―Blood group‖ can be defined as inherited allogeneic variation detected on the surface of</p><p>blood cells (Daniels, 2002). The term applies to a defined system of red blood cell</p><p>antigens (blood group substances) controlled by a genetic locus having a variable number</p><p>of alleles e.g. A, B, and O in the ABO system (Murray <em>et</em>&nbsp;<em>al.,</em>&nbsp;2003; Daniels, 2002). The</p><p>blood group is determined by the genetic make-up of the alleles of a system (Bakare <em>et</em></p><p><em>al.,</em>&nbsp;2006; Bhuvnesh <em>et</em>&nbsp;<em>al.,</em>&nbsp;2011).</p> <br><p></p>