Effect of supplementation of plantain flour with okara and detarium microcarpum flour as dietary fiber sources on blood glucose and serum cholesterol

Project Abstract

<p> Flours were produced from unripe plantain fruit, okara, and Detarium microcarpum and<br>analysed for selected properties. Plantain flours were supplemented with 5% levels of<br>Detarium microcarpum and okara flours as dietary fiber sources and the effect on blood<br>glucose and serum cholesterol levels of albino rats evaluated using bioassay. Plantain flour<br>showed the highest (p&lt;0.05) content of sugar (10.59%) compared to Detarium microcarpum<br>(6.89%) and okara (4.29%) while Detarium microcarpum exhibited the highest (p&lt;0.05)<br>level of dietary fiber (78.6%) followed by okara (24.4%) and Plantain (6.6%). Plantain flour<br>had the highest (p0.05) in zinc level in<br>the three flours [(plantain (50mg/100g), Detarium microcarpum (50mg/100g) and okara<br>(48.28mg/100g)]. Plantain had the highest level (p&lt;0.05) of vitamin A (1272.72IU), followed<br>by Detarium microcarpum (690.90IU) and then okara (618.18IU). Plantain had the highest<br>level (P&lt;0.05) of vitamin C (1.65%), followed by okara (1.37%) and then Detarium<br>microcarpum (0.55%).<br>Diet formulated with plantain flour supplemented with 5% Detarium<br>microcarpum flour reduced blood glucose level from 356mg/dl (which was recorded 2days<br>after induction of alloxan solution) to 113mg/dl (which was recorded at the end of the three<br>weeks study) and this translated to 68.26% reduction while diet formulated with plantain<br>flour supplemented with 5% okara flour reduced blood glucose level from 539mg/dl (which<br>was recorded 2 days after induction with alloxan solution) to 116mg/dl (recorded at the end<br>of the three weeks study) which was about 78.48% reduction. Diabetic rats fed plantain diet<br>supplemented with 5% Detarium microcarpum flour had lower (P&lt;0.05) total cholesterol<br>(1.31mmol/l), low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (0.31mmol/l) and high density<br>lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (0.93mmol/l) than total cholesterol (1.60mmol/l), LDL<br>(0.33mmol/l), and HDL (1.24mmol/l) of non-diabetic rats fed control diet. Also, the total<br>cholesterol (1.47mmol/l), LDL cholesterol (0.33mmol/l) and HDL cholesterol (1.09mmol/l)<br>of diabetic rats fed plantain diet supplemented with 5% okara flour were lower (p&lt;0.05) than<br>the total cholesterol (1.60mmol/l), LDL cholesterol (0.33mmol/l) and HDL cholesterol<br>(1.24mmol/l) found in non-diabetic rats fed control diets. <br></p>

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