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Assessment of the relationship between some trace elements and antioxidant enzymes in under-five children with protein- energy malnutrition

 

Table Of Contents


Chapter ONE

1.1 Introduction
1.2 Background of Study
1.3 Problem Statement
1.4 Objective of Study
1.5 Limitation of Study
1.6 Scope of Study
1.7 Significance of Study
1.8 Structure of the Research
1.9 Definition of Terms

Chapter TWO

2.1 Overview of Trace Elements
2.2 Importance of Antioxidant Enzymes
2.3 Protein-Energy Malnutrition in Under-Five Children
2.4 Relationship between Trace Elements and Antioxidant Enzymes
2.5 Previous Studies on Trace Elements and Antioxidant Enzymes
2.6 Effects of Trace Element Deficiency on Health
2.7 Role of Antioxidant Enzymes in the Body
2.8 Impact of Protein-Energy Malnutrition on Children
2.9 Factors Influencing Trace Element Levels
2.10 Methods of Assessing Antioxidant Enzyme Activity

Chapter THREE

3.1 Research Methodology Overview
3.2 Research Design and Approach
3.3 Sampling Techniques
3.4 Data Collection Methods
3.5 Data Analysis Procedures
3.6 Ethical Considerations
3.7 Validity and Reliability of Data
3.8 Statistical Tools and Techniques Used

Chapter FOUR

4.1 Summary of Findings
4.2 Relationship between Trace Elements and Antioxidant Enzymes
4.3 Impact of Protein-Energy Malnutrition on Trace Element Levels
4.4 Comparison with Previous Studies
4.5 Factors Influencing Antioxidant Enzyme Activity
4.6 Discussion on Data Analysis Results
4.7 Implications of Findings
4.8 Recommendations for Future Research

Chapter FIVE

5.1 Conclusion and Summary
5.2 Key Findings Recap
5.3 Contributions to Existing Knowledge
5.4 Practical Implications
5.5 Areas for Future Research

Project Abstract

Assessment of the relationship between some trace elements and antioxidant enzymes was carried out on 98 under-five children with protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) and 98 age- and sex-matched apparently healthy children (control). The malnourished children involve those with Marasmus, Kwashiorkor and Marasmic-kwashiorkor. Venous blood (2ml) was collected from both PEM children and control for biochemical analysis using standard methods. Results obtained show that mean serum total protein (55.76±3.95) and albumin (26.43±2.78) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (1.87±0.32) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (42.38±5.03) activities in malnourished children were significantly lower.

Project Overview

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Severe malnutrition is common among developing countries both in rural and urban areas (Psaki et al., 2012).It is responsible for at least half of the 7.6 million child‟sdeaths each year indeveloping countries (Park et al., 2012). Children who are poorly nourished suffer up to 160 days of illness each year (UNICEF, 2008). Malnutrition magnifies the effects of every disease, including measles and malaria. The estimated proportions of deaths in which malnutrition is an underlying cause are diarrhoea (61%), malaria (57%), pneumonia (52%) and measles (45%) (Black et al., 2003). Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is one of the most prevalent and devastating forms of malnutrition in the world (Whitney and Rolfes, 2008).


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