Renal biochemical changes of pregnancy-induced hypertension in pregnant women attending tertiary hospitals in enugu state
Table Of Contents
Chapter ONE
1.1 Introduction1.2 Background of Study
1.3 Problem Statement
1.4 Objective of Study
1.5 Limitation of Study
1.6 Scope of Study
1.7 Significance of Study
1.8 Structure of the Research
1.9 Definition of Terms
Chapter TWO
2.1 Overview of Pregnancy-induced Hypertension2.2 Risk Factors of Pregnancy-induced Hypertension
2.3 Pathophysiology of Pregnancy-induced Hypertension
2.4 Diagnosis and Management of Pregnancy-induced Hypertension
2.5 Renal Biochemical Changes in Pregnancy-induced Hypertension
2.6 Impact of Pregnancy-induced Hypertension on Maternal and Fetal Health
2.7 Previous Studies on Renal Biochemical Changes in Pregnancy-induced Hypertension
2.8 Current Research Gaps in Understanding Renal Biochemical Changes in Pregnancy-induced Hypertension
2.9 Role of Nutrition in Managing Pregnancy-induced Hypertension
2.10 Future Research Directions in Pregnancy-induced Hypertension
Chapter THREE
3.1 Research Design and Methodology3.2 Selection of Study Participants
3.3 Data Collection Methods
3.4 Variables and Measurements
3.5 Data Analysis Techniques
3.6 Ethical Considerations
3.7 Pilot Study Implementation
3.8 Data Validation and Reliability Tests
Chapter FOUR
4.1 Overview of Research Findings4.2 Analysis of Renal Biochemical Changes in Pregnancy-induced Hypertension Participants
4.3 Correlation of Renal Biomarkers with Disease Severity
4.4 Comparison of Renal Function in Normal Pregnant Women and Women with Pregnancy-induced Hypertension
4.5 Impact of Treatment on Renal Biomarkers in Pregnancy-induced Hypertension
4.6 Discussion on the Implications of Renal Biochemical Changes in Pregnancy-induced Hypertension
4.7 Comparison with Previous Studies
4.8 Recommendations for Clinical Practice
Chapter FIVE
5.1 Summary of Research Findings5.2 Conclusion and Interpretation of Results
5.3 Implications for Future Research
5.4 Practical Recommendations for Healthcare Professionals
5.5 Contribution to the Field of Pregnancy-induced Hypertension Studies
Project Abstract
Pregnancy induced hypertensive disorders have become very common medical complication in Nigeria with its attendant morbidity and mortality. The morbidity and mortality may be associated with its possible effect on the kidneys which was studied. Results of the electrolyte changes from this study showed that there was non-significant difference (p>0.05) in sodium ion concentration of subjects with pregnancy induced hypertension in second and third trimesters (groups 4 and 5 respectively) compared with the control groups (groups 1,2,and 3) who are non-hypertensives in first, second and third trimesters respectively. Similarly, the potassium ion (K+) concentration showed non-significant difference (p>0.05) between the groups 4 and 5 and the control groups even though the highest concentration of potassium ion was seen in the group 4 subjects. From the study, chloride ion (Cl-) and bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) were found to have no significant difference (p>0.05) in concentration between groups 4 and 5 and the control groups. From the estimation of urea and creatinine, it was found that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the urea and creatinine concentration between the hypertensives and normotensives in different trimesters however it was found that both urea and creatinine increased in the third trimesters in the hypertensive. The total protein, albumin and globulin level of the subjects in groups 4 and 5 were found to decrease significantly (p<0.05) compared to the control subjects in the corresponding trimesters.
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