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Estimation of daily salt intake of healthy ambulant nigerian adults

 

Table Of Contents


Chapter ONE

1.1 Introduction
1.2 Background of study
1.3 Problem Statement
1.4 Objective of study
1.5 Limitation of study
1.6 Scope of study
1.7 Significance of study
1.8 Structure of the research
1.9 Definition of terms

Chapter TWO

2.1 Overview of Salt Intake
2.2 Health Implications of Excessive Salt Consumption
2.3 Guidelines and Recommendations for Salt Intake
2.4 Factors Influencing Salt Consumption
2.5 Studies on Daily Salt Intake in Different Populations
2.6 Salt Intake Assessment Methods
2.7 Public Health Interventions to Reduce Salt Consumption
2.8 Relationship Between Salt Intake and Health Outcomes
2.9 Global Perspectives on Salt Intake
2.10 Summary of Literature Review

Chapter THREE

3.1 Research Design
3.2 Population and Sampling Techniques
3.3 Data Collection Methods
3.4 Measurement of Salt Intake
3.5 Data Analysis Techniques
3.6 Ethical Considerations
3.7 Pilot Study
3.8 Validity and Reliability

Chapter FOUR

4.1 Demographic Characteristics of Participants
4.2 Daily Salt Intake Levels
4.3 Comparison with Recommended Guidelines
4.4 Factors Influencing Salt Intake
4.5 Correlation Analysis of Salt Intake and Health Outcomes
4.6 Public Awareness of Salt Consumption
4.7 Discussion on Variances in Salt Intake
4.8 Implications for Public Health Policies

Chapter FIVE

5.1 Summary of Findings
5.2 Conclusions
5.3 Recommendations for Future Research
5.4 Practical Implications
5.5 Contribution to Existing Knowledge

Project Abstract

Data on the current levels of sodium consumption of Nigerian adults are urgently needed to determine the contribution of dietary sodium as a risk factor in the increasing incidence of hypertension and related complications in the country. The aim of this study was to estimate the daily salt intake of healthy ambulant Nigerian adults using the 24-hour urinary sodium ion excretion method (the gold standard) and spot urine sodium ion excretion method (a proposed convenient alternative). Eighty adult Nigerians aged between 20 and 50 years made up of 60% males and 40% females were the subjects that provided 24-hour urine and spot urine samples. Urinary sodium excretion was estimated using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Measured 24-hour urinary sodium excretions for male and female subjects were 4.7+0.5 and 4.0+0.6 g/day respectively. This translates to a dietary salt intake of 11.8+1.3 g/day for male subjects and 10.1+1.5 g/day for female subjects. A significant decrease (p<0.01) was observed between the values obtained by 24-hour urinary sodium excretion method and spot urinary sodium excretion method. Estimated 24-hour urinary sodium ion excretion positively correlated (r=+61) with spot urinary sodium excretion. Age dependent increase was observed in both measured and estimated 24-hour urinary sodium ion excretion. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased significantly (p<0.05) with increase in measured 24-hour urinary sodium ion excretion. Based on these results, the salt intake of all the subjects as determined by both methods far exceeded the recommended daily salt limit of < 5.0g/day. The positive correlatrion (r= +0.61) between the results obtained from both methods suggests that notwithstanding the differences between the values obtained, the spot urinary excretion method can be used to determine the daily dietary salt intake of Nigerians.



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