Home / Biochemistry / ASSESSMENT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOME TRACE ELEMENTS AND ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES IN UNDER-FIVE CHILDREN WITH PROTEIN- ENERGY MALNUTRITION

ASSESSMENT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOME TRACE ELEMENTS AND ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES IN UNDER-FIVE CHILDREN WITH PROTEIN- ENERGY MALNUTRITION

 

Table Of Contents


Chapter ONE

1.1 Introduction
1.2 Background of Study
1.3 Problem Statement
1.4 Objective of Study
1.5 Limitation of Study
1.6 Scope of Study
1.7 Significance of Study
1.8 Structure of the Research
1.9 Definition of Terms

Chapter TWO

2.1 Overview of Trace Elements
2.2 Importance of Antioxidant Enzymes
2.3 Protein-Energy Malnutrition in Children
2.4 Relationship Between Trace Elements and Antioxidant Enzymes
2.5 Studies on Trace Elements and Antioxidant Enzymes in Children
2.6 Effects of Malnutrition on Antioxidant Enzymes
2.7 Impact of Trace Element Deficiencies on Children
2.8 Role of Antioxidants in Children's Health
2.9 Strategies for Improving Nutritional Status in Children
2.10 Current Research Gaps in Trace Elements and Antioxidant Enzymes

Chapter THREE

3.1 Research Design
3.2 Population and Sample Selection
3.3 Data Collection Methods
3.4 Measurement of Trace Elements and Antioxidant Enzymes
3.5 Data Analysis Techniques
3.6 Ethical Considerations
3.7 Research Limitations
3.8 Validation of Research Instruments

Chapter FOUR

4.1 Overview of Research Findings
4.2 Analysis of Trace Element Levels
4.3 Evaluation of Antioxidant Enzyme Activity
4.4 Correlation Between Trace Elements and Antioxidant Enzymes
4.5 Comparison with Previous Studies
4.6 Discussion on Nutritional Implications
4.7 Implications for Public Health Policies
4.8 Recommendations for Future Research

Chapter FIVE

5.1 Summary of Findings
5.2 Conclusions
5.3 Implications for Practice
5.4 Recommendations for Policy
5.5 Contributions to the Field
5.6 Reflection on the Research Process
5.7 Areas for Future Research
5.8 Closing Remarks

Project Abstract

Assessment of the relationship between some trace elements and antioxidant enzymes was carried out on 98 under-five children with protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) and 98 age- and sex-matched apparently healthy children (control). The malnourished children involve those with Marasmus, Kwashiorkor and Marasmic-kwashiorkor. Venous blood (2ml) was collected from both PEM children and control for biochemical analysis using standard methods. Results obtained show that mean serum total protein (55.76±3.95) and albumin (26.43±2.78) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (1.87±0.32) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (42.38±5.03) activities in malnourished children were significantly lower.



Project Overview

Severe malnutrition is common among developing countries both in rural and urban areas (Psaki et al., 2012).It is responsible for at least half of the 7.6 million child‟sdeaths each year indeveloping countries (Park et al., 2012). Children who are poorly nourished suffer up to 160 days of illness each year (UNICEF, 2008). Malnutrition magnifies the effects of every disease, including measles and malaria. The estimated proportions of deaths in which malnutrition is an underlying cause are diarrhoea (61%), malaria (57%), pneumonia (52%) and measles (45%) (Black et al., 2003). Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is one of the most prevalent and devastating forms of malnutrition in the world (Whitney and Rolfes, 2008).



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