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Assessment of the relationship between some trace elements and antioxidant enzymes in under-five children with protein- energy malnutrition

 

Table Of Contents


Chapter ONE

1.1 Introduction
1.2 Background of Study
1.3 Problem Statement
1.4 Objective of Study
1.5 Limitation of Study
1.6 Scope of Study
1.7 Significance of Study
1.8 Structure of the Research
1.9 Definition of Terms

Chapter TWO

2.1 Overview of Trace Elements
2.2 Importance of Trace Elements in Human Health
2.3 Types of Antioxidant Enzymes
2.4 Role of Antioxidant Enzymes in the Body
2.5 Relationship Between Trace Elements and Antioxidant Enzymes
2.6 Studies on Trace Elements and Antioxidant Enzymes
2.7 Factors Affecting Trace Elements and Antioxidant Enzymes Levels
2.8 Methods of Measuring Trace Elements and Antioxidant Enzymes
2.9 Challenges in Studying Trace Elements and Antioxidant Enzymes
2.10 Future Research Directions

Chapter THREE

3.1 Research Design and Methodology
3.2 Sampling Techniques
3.3 Data Collection Methods
3.4 Data Analysis Procedures
3.5 Ethical Considerations
3.6 Instrumentation and Tools
3.7 Validity and Reliability
3.8 Statistical Analysis Techniques

Chapter FOUR

4.1 Overview of Findings
4.2 Analysis of Trace Element Levels
4.3 Analysis of Antioxidant Enzyme Activities
4.4 Correlation Between Trace Elements and Antioxidant Enzymes
4.5 Comparison with Previous Studies
4.6 Discussion on Factors Influencing Results
4.7 Implications of Findings
4.8 Recommendations for Future Research

Chapter FIVE

5.1 Summary of Findings
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Contribution to Knowledge
5.4 Practical Implications
5.5 Recommendations for Practice
5.6 Recommendations for Policy
5.7 Areas for Further Research
5.8 Closing Remarks

Thesis Abstract

Assessment of the relationship between some trace elements and antioxidant enzymes was carried out on 98 under-five children with protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) and 98 age- and sex-matched apparently healthy children (control). The malnourished children involve those with Marasmus, Kwashiorkor and Marasmic-kwashiorkor. Venous blood (2ml) was collected from both PEM children and control for biochemical analysis using standard methods. Results obtained show that mean serum total protein (55.76±3.95) and albumin (26.43±2.78) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (1.87±0.32) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (42.38±5.03) activities in malnourished children were significantly lower.

Thesis Overview

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Severe malnutrition is common among developing countries both in rural and urban areas (Psaki et al., 2012).It is responsible for at least half of the 7.6 million child‟sdeaths each year indeveloping countries (Park et al., 2012). Children who are poorly nourished suffer up to 160 days of illness each year (UNICEF, 2008). Malnutrition magnifies the effects of every disease, including measles and malaria. The estimated proportions of deaths in which malnutrition is an underlying cause are diarrhoea (61%), malaria (57%), pneumonia (52%) and measles (45%) (Black et al., 2003). Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is one of the most prevalent and devastating forms of malnutrition in the world (Whitney and Rolfes, 2008).


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