Thesis Abstract

Abstract
Hepatoprotective Effects of Sena Tora Leaf Extract on Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Toxicity Liver diseases pose a significant health burden worldwide, necessitating the search for alternative therapeutic agents with hepatoprotective properties. Sena Tora, a plant with known medicinal properties, is traditionally used for various health conditions. This study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of Sena Tora leaf extract on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver toxicity in animal models. Rats were pre-treated with Sena Tora leaf extract at different doses for a period before being exposed to CCl4 to induce liver damage. Liver function tests, oxidative stress markers, histopathological examinations, and gene expression analyses were conducted to evaluate the protective effects of the extract. The results revealed that pre-treatment with Sena Tora leaf extract significantly ameliorated CCl4-induced liver injury, as evidenced by decreased levels of liver enzymes, such as ALT, AST, and ALP. Moreover, the extract exhibited potent antioxidant properties by reducing oxidative stress markers like malondialdehyde (MDA) and increasing the levels of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Histopathological examination of liver tissues further supported the hepatoprotective effects of Sena Tora leaf extract, showing reduced inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis in the treated groups compared to the CCl4-induced liver injury group. Furthermore, gene expression analysis revealed that pre-treatment with Sena Tora leaf extract modulated the expression of genes involved in inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis pathways, thereby exerting its hepatoprotective effects at the molecular level. The extract downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-? and IL-6 while upregulating anti-apoptotic genes like Bcl-2 and inhibiting fibrotic markers like TGF-?1. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the hepatoprotective effects of Sena Tora leaf extract against CCl4-induced liver toxicity through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-fibrotic properties. These findings suggest that Sena Tora leaf extract could be a potential therapeutic agent for liver diseases and further research is warranted to explore its clinical applications in the management of liver disorders.

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