Project Abstract

Abstract
Nigeria operates a federal system of government, which was adopted at independence in 1960. The Nigerian federal system is characterized by a division of powers between the central government and the 36 states, each with its own constitution and legislative authority. This study critically assesses the Nigerian federalism model, focusing on its strengths, weaknesses, and the challenges it faces. One of the key strengths of Nigerian federalism is its potential for ensuring inclusivity and representation of diverse ethnic groups and regions within the country. The devolution of powers to the states allows for local autonomy and decision-making, which can promote development and address specific regional needs. Additionally, federalism can serve as a mechanism for managing conflicts and promoting unity in a multi-ethnic and multi-religious society like Nigeria. However, Nigerian federalism also faces significant challenges that threaten its effectiveness and sustainability. One major weakness is the issue of resource control and revenue allocation, which has led to tensions between the federal government and oil-producing states in the Niger Delta region. The inequitable distribution of resources has fueled secessionist movements and calls for restructuring the federation to address perceived injustices. Furthermore, the Nigerian federal system has been criticized for its centralized tendencies, with the federal government often wielding significant power and influence over the states. This centralization can impede effective governance and hinder local development initiatives, limiting the ability of states to respond to the needs of their populations. In light of these challenges, there have been ongoing debates and agitations for restructuring the Nigerian federal system to address its deficiencies and enhance its functionality. Proposals for restructuring include fiscal federalism to grant states more control over resources, power devolution to enhance local autonomy, and constitutional amendments to redefine the relationship between the federal and state governments. In conclusion, this study provides a critical assessment of Nigerian federalism, highlighting its strengths, weaknesses, and the challenges it faces. By examining the current state of federalism in Nigeria, this research aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on governance and political restructuring in the country, with the ultimate goal of promoting national unity, development, and democratic governance.

Project Overview

INTRODUCTION

1.1   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Soren Kierkegaard is regarded as the father of contemporary existentialism. Existentialism, according to J. I. Omoregbe (39) deals “with concrete existence as opposed to essence”. This means, for the existentialists, existence precedes essence. Kierkegaard, described by Wittgenstein (cited in Pattison, 1) is “by far the most profound thinker of the last century”. His notion of human existence stems from the fact that Hegel metaphysical idealism presented human existence in an abstract, objective form. Kierkegaard saw Hegel’s philosophy “as inadequate because it shifted attention away from the concrete individual to the concept of universal” (Ozumba 86). For Ozumba (86) this implies that Hegel “merely invited humans to think instead of seeing them as existent being that should be involved in decisions and commitment that have bearing to their individuality and existence”. Kierkegaard’s thought also served as a reaction against speculative philosophy.

In his reaction, Kierkegaard built his existential thought in such a manner that it tended to become “a clarification of issue and an appeal to choose, an attempt to get men to see their existential situation and the great alternatives with which they are faced” (Copleston 336). Kierkegaard’s quest was to dismiss the conception of human existence from abstract object to questions that confront the individual as an existing being. Questions such as: What is the meaning of human life? How can one live authentically as a human person? What is the meaning of human freedom? How can one use his freedom in the face of moral chaos?, are pertinent.   Kierkegaard understood existence as a distinctive way of being, and that humans often focus on thought of a group to the detriment of their own unique individuality. Other than being an authentic individual, he is therefore subsumed in the crowd, thus, losing his individual self to abstract objective and societal control. In this sense, what it means, therefore, to be an authentic human being forms energetic question prompting this research on Soren Kierkegaard.

1.2       STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The question of human existence has attracted so many considerations. There are some who approached it from the point of view of its absurdity and meaninglessness. Most of such people are atheists like Martin Heidegger, with Albert Camus and Jean Paul Sartre who played down very much, the essence of human existence as Hegel also did. However, there is the other group of existentialists who discussed human existence as a worthwhile venture. Such include the chief founder of contemporary existentialism in the person of Soren Kierkegaard. These philosophers expounded certain existential tenets which according to Lescoe (9) are geared towards “analyzing the basic structures of human existence and to call individuals to an awareness of their existence in its essential freedom”.

The problem of human existence is related wholly to this concept of freedom. Its use and abuse makes and mars man respectively. This is because freedom remains the pivot upon which man asserts himself. It is his relationship to this that categorizes him either as authentic or inauthentic individual. Thus, the measure of the meaningfulness or meaninglessness of life is highly subjective but whichever way it is determined by the degree of commitment which one puts in as he tries to assert himself by the exercise of freedom.

Another question to be examined here remains whether one can live authentically when one has no authentic relation to the community which Kierkegaard regard as the crowd? It also takes into consideration the question of freedom and choice, man’s quest for existential meaning and Kierkegaard’s analysis of man’s stages on life way.

It is therefore in a bid to clarify some of these mind-bogging issues that the researcher is out to expose what Kierkegaard considers to be the gauge or the standard of meaningful human existence. With this in view, the work is a confrontation of man with the naked facts of his freedom and duty through which he makes the best out of his life as an individual.