The binding force of conscience in st. thomas aquinas
Table Of Contents
<p> </p><p><b>Title</b><b> … … … … … … … … … … … … … … i Certification … … … … … … … … … … … … ii</b></p><p><b>Dedication</b><b> … … … … … … … … … … … … iii</b></p><p><b>Acknowledgment </b><b> … … … … … … … … … … … iv</b></p><p><b>A Brief Profile of St. Thomas Aquinas</b><b> … … … … … … … v</b></p><p><b>Table of Contents </b><b>… … … … … … … … … … … vii</b></p><p>
Chapter ONE
</p><p>1.0 <b> INTRODUCTION</b> … … … … … … … … … 1</p><p>1.1. Background of the Study … … … … … … … … 3</p><p>1.2. Statement of the Problem … … … … … … … 4</p><p>1.3. Aim of the Study… … … … … … … … … 5</p><p>1.4. Scope of the Study … … … … … … … … 6</p><p>1.5. Methodology of Research … … … … … … … 6</p><p>1.6. Division of Work … … … … … … … … … 7</p><p> </p><p><b>Chapter TWO
</b></p><p><b>2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW</b> … … … … … … … … 8</p><p>2.1. Views of Some Thinkers on Conscience … … … … … … 8</p><p>2.1.1. Ancient … … … … … … … … … … 8</p><p>2.1.2. Medieval … … … … … … … … … … 11</p><p> </p><p><b>Chapter THREE
</b></p><p><b>3.0. THE GENERAL CONCEPT OF CONSCIENCE </b> … … … 17</p><p>3.1. Synderesis and Conscience … … … … … … … … 21</p><p>3.2. Kinds of Conscience … … … … … … … … … 23</p><p>3.2.1. Conscience in Relation to Objective Morality … … … … 24</p><p>3.2.2. Conscience in Relation to Judgment of Action … … … … 28</p><p><b>Chapter FOUR
</b></p><p><b>4.0. AQUINAS’ NOTION OF CONSCIENCE</b> … … … … 30</p><p>4.1. The Binding Force of Conscience … … … … … … … 37</p><p>4.2. The Problem of Error in Conscience … … … … … … 41</p><p>Chapter FIVE
</p><p><b>5.0. CRITICAL EVALUATION AND CONCLUSION </b>… … … 46</p><p>5.1. Critical Evaluation … … … … … … … … … 46</p><p>5.2. Conclusion … … … … … … … … … … 57</p><p><b>BIBLIOGRAPHY … … … … </b></p> <br><p></p>Project Abstract
AbstractThis research explores the concept of the binding force of conscience as articulated by St. Thomas Aquinas, a prominent medieval philosopher and theologian. Aquinas believed that conscience is a fundamental aspect of human nature, acting as a moral compass that guides individuals towards good actions and away from evil. He argued that conscience derives its authority from the eternal law, which is the divine plan that governs the universe. According to Aquinas, conscience is not merely a subjective feeling or opinion, but a judgment of reason that determines the moral rightness or wrongness of an action based on the natural law. Aquinas distinguished between synderesis, which is the innate habit of the practical intellect to grasp first principles of the moral law, and conscientia, which is the application of these principles to particular situations. Conscience, for Aquinas, is the act of applying the moral principles known through synderesis to concrete actions. He maintained that individuals are morally obligated to follow their conscience, as it represents their best understanding of what is morally right. Aquinas emphasized the importance of forming a well-informed conscience through education, reflection, and virtuous living. Furthermore, Aquinas discussed the idea of invincible ignorance, which occurs when an individual is unaware of the moral implications of their actions despite sincere efforts to seek the truth. In cases of invincible ignorance, Aquinas held that individuals are not morally culpable for their actions, as they are not consciously choosing evil. However, he also warned against willful ignorance, where individuals deliberately ignore or suppress their conscience in order to pursue selfish desires. Aquinas believed that the binding force of conscience lies in its connection to the natural law, which is an expression of the eternal law in the human person. Conscience, when properly formed and informed, serves as a reliable guide for moral decision-making and ethical behavior. Aquinas's understanding of the binding force of conscience continues to influence contemporary discussions on ethics, law, and human rights. In conclusion, this research highlights St. Thomas Aquinas's profound insights into the nature and significance of conscience as a moral authority grounded in reason and the eternal law. Aquinas's emphasis on the binding force of conscience underscores the importance of cultivating a well-formed conscience to lead a virtuous and morally upright life.
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