Home / Microbiology / Susceptibilities of salmonella typhi and other bacterial pathogens to antibiotics and hot aqueous extract of hibiscus sabdariffa

Susceptibilities of salmonella typhi and other bacterial pathogens to antibiotics and hot aqueous extract of hibiscus sabdariffa

 

Table Of Contents


Chapter ONE

1.1 Introduction
1.2 Background of Study
1.3 Problem Statement
1.4 Objective of Study
1.5 Limitation of Study
1.6 Scope of Study
1.7 Significance of Study
1.8 Structure of the Research
1.9 Definition of Terms

Chapter TWO

2.1 Antibiotic Resistance in Bacterial Pathogens
2.2 Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance
2.3 Hibiscus Sabdariffa and its Medicinal Properties
2.4 Previous Studies on Antibiotic Effects of Hibiscus Sabdariffa
2.5 Antibacterial Properties of Hibiscus Sabdariffa Extract
2.6 Comparative Studies on Antibiotics and Hibiscus Sabdariffa
2.7 Effects of Temperature on Antibiotic Sensitivity
2.8 Effects of Hibiscus Sabdariffa Extract with Antibiotics
2.9 Challenges in Combating Antibiotic Resistance
2.10 Future Directions in Antibiotic Research

Chapter THREE

3.1 Research Design and Methodology
3.2 Selection of Bacterial Pathogens
3.3 Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing Methods
3.4 Preparation of Hibiscus Sabdariffa Extract
3.5 Experimental Setup and Conditions
3.6 Data Collection and Analysis Methods
3.7 Statistical Analysis Techniques
3.8 Ethical Considerations in Research

Chapter FOUR

4.1 Analysis of Antibiotic Susceptibility Results
4.2 Evaluation of Hibiscus Sabdariffa Extract Effects
4.3 Comparison of Antibiotic and Extract Performance
4.4 Interpretation of Temperature Influence
4.5 Discussion on Combined Antibiotic-Extract Effects
4.6 Implications for Antibiotic Resistance Management
4.7 Recommendations for Further Research
4.8 Practical Applications of Research Findings

Chapter FIVE

5.1 Summary of Findings
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Contributions to Antibiotic Research
5.4 Implications for Public Health
5.5 Recommendations for Practice
5.6 Future Research Directions

Project Abstract

The susceptibilities of Salmonella typhi and other pathogens to antibiotics and hot aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa were investigated using agar diffusion and agar well diffusion methods respectively. Salmonella typhi was sensitive to ampicillin, cetriaxone, ciprofloxacin, gentamycin of ofloxacin and perfloxacin. Nitrofurantoin, ampicillin, clarithomycin and augumentin are resistant. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, and Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive to 50%, 70% and 60% of the antibiotics respectively.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant to all antibiotics. Hibiscus sabdariffa extract (0.6g in 6ml of sterile distilled water) was active against S. typhi at concentrations of 100mg/ml, 50mg/ml and 25mg/ml (inhibitions zone diameter IZDs = 23mm, 20mm and 16mm respectively). Staphylococcus aureus was susceptible to 100mg/ml, 50mg/ml, 25mg/ml and 12.5mg/ml of the extract with IZDs of 29mm, 18mm, 17mm and 14mm respectively. Klebsiella spp was susceptible to concentrations of 25mg/ml and 12.5mg/ml of the extract with IZDs of 15mm and 10mm respectively. Escherichia coli and Pseudomonasaeruginosa were resistant to all the concentrations of H. sabdariffa extract. It is therefore imperative to note that the use of medicinal plants is recommended to the Government and Industry


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