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Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of gram negative bacteria in the urine

 

Table Of Contents


Chapter ONE

1.1 Introduction
1.2 Background of Study
1.3 Problem Statement
1.4 Objective of Study
1.5 Limitation of Study
1.6 Scope of Study
1.7 Significance of Study
1.8 Structure of the Research
1.9 Definition of Terms

Chapter TWO

2.1 Review of Related Literature
2.2 Overview of Gram-Negative Bacteria
2.3 Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
2.4 Factors Influencing Antimicrobial Resistance
2.5 Treatment Guidelines for Gram-Negative Infections
2.6 Emerging Resistance Patterns
2.7 Impact of Gram-Negative Infections
2.8 Strategies for Combating Antimicrobial Resistance
2.9 Surveillance Programs for Gram-Negative Bacteria
2.10 Advances in Antibiotic Development

Chapter THREE

3.1 Research Methodology Overview
3.2 Study Design and Rationale
3.3 Data Collection Methods
3.4 Sampling Techniques
3.5 Laboratory Procedures
3.6 Data Analysis Methods
3.7 Quality Control Measures
3.8 Ethical Considerations

Chapter FOUR

4.1 Overview of Research Findings
4.2 Prevalence of Gram-Negative Bacteria in Urine Samples
4.3 Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns
4.4 Resistance Profiles of Common Pathogens
4.5 Factors Contributing to Antibiotic Resistance
4.6 Comparison with Previous Studies
4.7 Clinical Implications of Findings
4.8 Recommendations for Future Research

Chapter FIVE

5.1 Conclusion and Summary
5.2 Recap of Study Objectives
5.3 Key Findings and Interpretations
5.4 Implications for Clinical Practice
5.5 Contributions to Existing Knowledge

Project Abstract

In order to access the prevalence and sensitivity pattern of urinary pathogens, 60 midstream urine samples from students of Caritas University were investigated using cultural methods. Samples were examined microscopically and cultured in blood agar and Macckonkey agar. Disk diffusion method was used for antibiotic testing. Of the 60 urine samples 48 yielded significant growth with a prevalence rate of 80%. It was observed that females were more infected than the males with a prevalence rate of 56.70% and 43.30% respectively under the ages of 18-25yrs. Escherichia coli was the most predominant. The isolates were very sensitive to Gentamycin, Nitrofurantoin and Ofloxacin which were the (most sensitive) and the most resistant were Tetracycline, Cortrimozol, Cephalexin and Ampicillin. Therefore, Nitrofurantoin, Gentamycin, Ofloxacin were strongly recommended for the treatment of UTI as indicated in the study.

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