<p> </p><ol><li><div>Introduction to International Humanitarian Law (IHL) and Its Evolution</div><ul><li>Historical development and key milestones in the formation of IHL</li><li>Core principles and legal framework of IHL</li><li>The role of international organizations and tribunals in interpreting and enforcing IHL</li></ul></li><li><div>Protection of Civilians and Non-Combatants in Armed Conflict</div><ul><li>Legal protections and rights of civilians and non-combatants under IHL</li><li>Humanitarian principles governing the treatment of civilians, refugees, and internally displaced persons</li><li>Challenges and violations related to the protection of civilians in contemporary armed conflicts</li></ul></li><li><div>Regulation of Means and Methods of Warfare</div><ul><li>Prohibition of indiscriminate attacks, use of prohibited weapons, and environmental damage</li><li>Legal constraints on the conduct of hostilities, targeting, and proportionality</li><li>Emerging challenges and ethical considerations in the use of new technologies in warfare</li></ul></li><li><div>Implementation and Enforcement of International Humanitarian Law</div><ul><li>National implementation of IHL and the role of domestic legal systems</li><li>International mechanisms for accountability, war crimes prosecution, and transitional justice</li><li>Challenges in ensuring compliance and enforcement of IHL in diverse conflict settings</li></ul></li><li><div>Contemporary Issues and Future Directions in International Humanitarian Law</div><ul><li>Current trends and challenges in the application and development of IHL</li><li>Ethical dilemmas and legal implications of asymmetric warfare and non-state actors</li><li>Policy recommendations for strengthening the effectiveness and relevance of IHL in modern armed conflicts</li></ul></li></ol> <br><p></p>