<p> </p><div><p>TITLE PAGE…………………………………………………………….………………….. i</p><p>ABSTRACT ..………………………………………………………………………………………….. ii</p><p>TABLE OF CASES …………………….…………………………………………………. iii</p><p>TABLE OF STATUTES …………………………………………………………………… ix</p><p>LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS …………………………………………………………….. xi</p><p>

Chapter 1

</p><p>GENERAL INTRODUCTION</p><p>1.0: INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………….. 1</p><p>1.1: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF STUDY ……………………………………………… 2</p><p>1.2: SCOPE OF STUDY ……………………………………………………………..……… 2</p><p>1.3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ………………………………………………………. 2</p><p>1.4: STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM…………………………………………….…….. 2</p><p>1.5: LITERATURE REVIEW………………………………………………………………… 3</p><p>1.6: DEFINITION OF MAJOR TERMS…………………………………………………… 7</p><p>1.7: STRUCTURE/BRIEF OUTLINE OF THE WORK…………………………………… 8</p><p>

Chapter 2

</p><p>RIGHT TO LIFE AND OTHER RELATED CONCEPTS</p><p>2.0 INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………………. 10</p><p>2.1: EVOLUTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS……………..……………………………..….. 10</p><p>2.2: INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENT PRESERVING THE RIGHT TO LIFE AGAINST CAPITAL PUNISHMENT ………………………………………………………………… 14</p><p>2.2.1: GLOBAL HUMAN RIGHTS INSTRUMENTS &nbsp; &nbsp;…………………………..….… 14</p><p>2.2.2: REGIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS INSTRUMENTS …………………………………. 15</p><p>2.3: DUTY ON THE STATE TO PROTECT LIFE …………..…………………………… 18</p><p>2.4: DUTY OF THE STATE NOT TO ENDANGER LIFE &nbsp; ……………………..……… 20</p><p>2.5: CAPITAL PUNISHMENT AND RIGHT TO LIFE &nbsp; ………………………………… 22</p><p>2.6: CAPITAL PUNISHMENT AND RIGHT TO &nbsp; HUMAN DIGNITY ………..…….. 23</p><p>2.7: OTHER RELATED CONCEPTS…………………………………………………….. 26</p><p>2.7.1: EUTHANASIA…………………………………………………………………….. 26</p><p>2.7.2: ABORTION………………………………………………………………….…….. 29</p><p>2.7.3: SUICIDE……………………………………………………………………..…….. 31</p><p>2.8: CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………………….. 31</p><p>

Chapter 3

</p><p>EVALUATION OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT IN NIGERIA</p><p>3.0: INTRODUCTION……………………………..……………………………………… 32</p><p>3.1: HISTORICAL FRAMEWORK OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT….…………………… 32</p><p>3.2: THE CONSTITUTIONALITY OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT……..……..…………. 35</p><p>3.3: OFFENCES PUNISHABLE BY CAPITAL PUNISHMENT……….………..………. 35</p><p>3.4: CAPITAL PUNISHMENT ON SOME VUNERABLE GROUPS ….………………… 37</p><p>3.4.1: CAPITAL PUNISHMENT ON JUVENILLES………………………………………..38</p><p>3.4.2: CAPITAL PUNISHMENT ON PREGNANT WOMEN ……………………………… 40</p><p>3.4.3: CAPITAL PUNISHMENT ON THE INSANE/ MENTALLY RETARDED …………. 41</p><p>3.4.4: CAPITAL PUNISHMENT ON THE AGED ……………………………………… 45</p><p>3.5: CONCLUSION …………………………………………………………..……………. 46</p><p>

Chapter 4

</p><p>MODES OF EXECUTING CAPITAL PUNISHMENT AND WORLDWIDE ANALYSIS OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT</p><p>4.0: INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………..…………… 47</p><p>4.1: MODES OF EXECUTION …………………………………………………………… 47</p><p>4.1.1 STONING……………………………………………………………….………….. 48</p><p>4.1.2 HANGING ………………………………………………………………………….. 49</p><p>4.1.3 SHOOTING OR FIRING SQUAD ……………………………….………………… 50</p><p>4.1.4 GAS CHAMBER OR LETHAL GAS MODE OF EXECUTION ……..……………..52</p><p>4.1.5: ELECTROCUTION ……………………………………………………….……….. 53</p><p>4.1.6: LETHAL INJECTION ……………………………………………………………….. 55</p><p>4.2: WORLD WIDE ANALYSIS OF CAPITAL PUNISMENT ………………..…………. 56</p><p>4.2.1: CONTINENTAL ANALYSIS ……………………………………………………… 57</p><p>4.2.2: COUNTRY ANALYSIS …………………………………………………………….. 58</p><p>4.4: CONCLUSION ……………………………………………………………….……….. 59</p><p>

Chapter 5

</p><p>JUSTIFICATIONS FOR CAPITAL PUNISHMENT AND ITS ABOLITION</p><p>5.0: INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………….…………….. 60</p><p>5.1: JUSTIFICATIONS FOR CAPITAL PUNISHMENT …………………………..…….. 60</p><p>5.1.1: RELIGIOUS APPROVAL …………………………………………….…………… 60</p><p>5.1.2: RETRIBUTION ………………………………………………………..………….. 61</p><p>5.1.3 DETERRENCE …………………………………………………………………….. 63</p><p>5.1.4 INCAPACITATION ……………………………………………………………….. 65</p><p>5.1.5: ARGUMENTS BASED ON THE SCOPE OF THE DEATH PENALTY ………………66</p><p>5.1.6: ARGUMENTS BASED ON THE KILLING OF A LOVED ONE. ………………………. 67</p><p>5.1.7: INTERNATIONAL LAW DOES NOT PROHIBIT THE DEATH PENALTY ……… 68</p><p>5.1.8: ARGUMENTS BASED ON PUBLIC OPINION ………………..………………… 68</p><p>5.2: ABOLITION OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT ………………….…………………….. 69</p><p>5.2.1 INFRINGEMENT OF HUMAN RIGHTS ……………………..…………………… 69</p><p>5.2.2: RISKS TO THE INNOCENT AND JUDICIAL ERROR ……..………………….. 72</p><p>5.2.3: ARBITRARY APPLICATION ON THE POOR …………………………………… 74</p><p>5.2.4: DISCRIMINATELY APPLICATION ON THE BASIS OF RACE ……………… 74</p><p>5.2.5: COST OF EXECUTION …………………………………………………………… 76</p><p>5.3: “LIFE IN PRISON WITHOUT PAROLE:” AN ALTERNATIVE TO DEATH PENALTY. …………………………………………………………………………………. 76</p><p>5.4: WAY FORWARD …………………………………..………………………………… 77</p><p>5.5: CONCLUSION ……………………………………..……………………………….. 78</p><p>CHAPTER 6</p><p>CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS</p><p>6.0: CONCLUSION ..…..………………………………………………………………… 79</p><p>6.1: RECOMMENDATIONS ..……..……………………………………………………. 81</p><p>BIBLIOGRAPHY/REFERENCE LIST…………………………………………………… 83</p><p>BOOKS………………………………………..………………………………………….. 83</p><p>CONFERENCE PAPERS ………………………………………………………………… 83</p><p>DICTIONARIES……………………………………….…………………………………. 83</p><p>ARTICLES IN JOURNALS ……………………………………………………………… 83</p><p>ARTICLES ON THE INTERNET………………………………………………………… 86</p><p>OTHER SOURCES …………………………..…………………………………………… 88</p><p></p></div><h3></h3><br> <br><p></p>