Project Abstract

This study examines the pre-colonial relations among the Yorubas in Nigeria within the context of international relations. The Yoruba people, one of the largest ethnic groups in Nigeria, have a rich history of interaction and diplomacy among themselves and with neighboring communities long before the arrival of European colonizers. This research delves into the various forms of relationships, alliances, conflicts, and trade networks that characterized Yoruba societies prior to colonialism. The study utilizes historical accounts, oral traditions, and anthropological research to explore the complex web of interactions that shaped Yoruba international relations. It investigates how Yoruba city-states such as Ife, Oyo, and Ijebu engaged in diplomatic exchanges, strategic alliances, and economic partnerships with each other and with neighboring ethnic groups. The examination of these pre-colonial relations offers valuable insights into the social, political, and economic dynamics of Yoruba societies and their impact on broader international relations in West Africa. Furthermore, this research analyzes the role of key actors such as obas (kings), chiefs, merchants, and religious leaders in mediating inter-group relations and resolving conflicts among Yoruba communities. It also explores the cultural practices, rituals, and institutions that facilitated communication, negotiation, and cooperation in pre-colonial Yoruba societies. By studying the mechanisms of conflict resolution and power dynamics within Yoruba international relations, this research sheds light on the indigenous diplomatic traditions that influenced inter-group interactions in the region. Moreover, this study examines the impact of external forces such as trans-Saharan trade, Islamic expansion, and European incursions on Yoruba international relations. It considers how these external factors influenced the balance of power, economic exchanges, and cultural exchanges among Yoruba societies and their neighbors. By analyzing the responses of Yoruba communities to these external pressures, this research highlights the agency and adaptability of indigenous peoples in shaping their own international relations. In conclusion, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of pre-colonial relations among the Yorubas in Nigeria and their significance in the broader context of international relations. By exploring the complexities of inter-group interactions, alliances, conflicts, and trade networks in pre-colonial Yoruba societies, this study illuminates the historical foundations of contemporary diplomatic practices and regional dynamics in West Africa.

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