Project Abstract

The abstract of the research project is as follows This study focused on the determination of the sedimentological and geochemical characteristics of the sediment in the Niger Delta Basin. The Niger Delta Basin is a major sedimentary basin located in Nigeria, known for its extensive oil and gas reserves. Understanding the sedimentological and geochemical properties of the sediment in this basin is crucial for various geoscience applications, including petroleum exploration and environmental studies. Sedimentological analysis involved the description and classification of sediment samples collected from different locations within the Niger Delta Basin. Grain size analysis, sediment texture determination, and sedimentary structure observations were conducted to characterize the sediment properties. The sediment samples were found to consist mainly of fine-grained materials such as silt and clay, typical of deltaic environments. Geochemical analysis focused on determining the elemental composition of the sediment samples. Major elements (e.g., Si, Al, Fe) and trace elements (e.g., Ni, V, Cu) were analyzed using techniques such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The geochemical data provided insights into the provenance of the sediment, depositional environments, and diagenetic processes that have influenced the sediment composition. The results of the sedimentological and geochemical analyses revealed important information about the sediment in the Niger Delta Basin. The sediment was found to be predominantly composed of terrigenous materials with minor contributions from biogenic components. The grain size distribution indicated a mixed sedimentary environment with influences from fluvial, tidal, and marine processes. Geochemically, the sediment samples showed variations in elemental composition, reflecting differences in sediment sources and depositional conditions. The presence of trace elements such as Ni and V suggested possible hydrocarbon-related influences in certain sediment samples. The geochemical data also provided insights into the diagenetic alterations that have affected the sediment since deposition. Overall, this study enhanced our understanding of the sedimentological and geochemical characteristics of the sediment in the Niger Delta Basin. The findings have implications for interpreting the depositional history of the basin, assessing hydrocarbon potential, and guiding future geological investigations in the region.

Project Overview

The mineralogical and chemical composition of clastic sedimentary rocks are controlled by various factors, including (1) the composition of their source rocks, (2) environmental parameters influencing the weathering of source rocks (e.g., atmosphericchemistry, temperature, rainfall and topography), (3) duration of weathering (4)transportation mechanisms of clastic material from source region to depocenters, (5)depositional environment (e.g., marine versus fresh water), and (6) post-depositional processes (e.g., diagenesis, metamorphism) (Hayashi et al., 1997). Numerousinvestigations are substantiating the above aspects pertaining to genesis of both ancient andmodern siliciclastic sediments (e.g., Dickenson et al., 1983; Nesbitt and Young, 1982, 1984; Bhatia, 1983; Roser and Korsch, 1988; McCann, 1991; Condie et al., 1992; Condie, 1993; McLennan et al., 1993; Nesbitt et al., 1996; Cullers, 2000; Hessler and Lowe 2006; Nagarajan et al., 2007; Spalletti et al., 2008). Several studies have also been focused on the identification of palaeotectonic settings of provenances based on geochemical signatures of siliciclastic rocks (e.g., Dickinson and Suczek, 1979; Bhatia, 1983; Bhatia and Crook, 1986; Roser and Korsch 1986; McLennan and Taylor, 1991). Among the terrigenous sedimentary rocks, shales are considered to represent the average crustal composition of the provenance much better than any other siliclastic rocks (e.g., McCulloch and Wasserburg, 1978). Shales retain most of the mineral constituents of the source and their bulk chemistry preserves the near-original signature of the provenance and more faithfully reveal palaeoweathering conditions (e.g., Pettijohn, 1975; Graver and Scott, 1995). The present note examines the geochemistry of sediment from part of the subsurface Niger Delta Basin province, attempts to constrain there paleo redox and tectonic setting and provenance. Owing to limitations of analytical facilities, the present work is based on chemical analyses data of major and select trace elements of the investigated sediment of the study area.

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