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AN INSULATION CO-ORDINATION PROCEDURE FOR POWER SYSTEM EQUIPMENT

 

Table Of Contents


Chapter ONE


1.1 Introduction
1.2 Background of Study
1.3 Problem Statement
1.4 Objective of Study
1.5 Limitation of Study
1.6 Scope of Study
1.7 Significance of Study
1.8 Structure of the Research
1.9 Definition of Terms

Chapter TWO


2.1 Overview of Insulation Coordination
2.2 Historical Development of Insulation Coordination
2.3 Types of Insulation Coordination Techniques
2.4 Importance of Insulation Coordination in Power Systems
2.5 Factors Affecting Insulation Coordination
2.6 Case Studies on Insulation Coordination Failures
2.7 International Standards for Insulation Coordination
2.8 Emerging Trends in Insulation Coordination
2.9 Comparative Analysis of Insulation Coordination Methods
2.10 Future Directions in Insulation Coordination Research

Chapter THREE


3.1 Research Methodology Overview
3.2 Research Design and Approach
3.3 Data Collection Methods
3.4 Sampling Techniques
3.5 Data Analysis Procedures
3.6 Research Ethics and Integrity
3.7 Limitations of the Research Methodology
3.8 Validity and Reliability of the Research

Chapter FOUR


4.1 Data Analysis and Interpretation
4.2 Insulation Coordination Techniques Evaluation
4.3 Comparison of Insulation Coordination Strategies
4.4 Impact of Insulation Coordination on Power System Equipment
4.5 Case Studies on Successful Insulation Coordination
4.6 Challenges and Issues in Insulation Coordination
4.7 Recommendations for Effective Insulation Coordination
4.8 Implications for Future Research

Chapter FIVE


5.1 Summary of Findings
5.2 Conclusions
5.3 Contributions to Knowledge
5.4 Practical Implications
5.5 Recommendations for Industry
5.6 Areas for Future Research
5.7 Reflection on Research Process
5.8 Conclusion and Closing Remarks

Project Abstract

Generally, for existing Insulation co-ordination studies the power system has been modeled either by deterministic mathematical techniques or by statistical methods. The shortcoming of the existing conventional mathematical technique of Insulation co-ordination analysis is that it assumes that the power system dynamics is linear. This makes analysis of over voltage response of the system under transients less optimal for determining over voltage withstand of system elements. Thus, this work seeks to model a lightning induced over voltage transient in a High voltage power system substation(132/33KV) used as a case study) using Hidden Markov Model, to determine the maximum likelihood lightning surge signal. The stationdata and configuration was modeled/simulated (in a MATLAB environment), which implements the algorithms used in the work. The Hidden Markov algorithm(which makes use of observable parameters to study what is happening at the hidden states), was used to formulate the problem, while the Baum-welch and Viterbi algorithm were used to find/identify the maximum likelihood lightning overvoltage waveform. These hidden states are represented with different scenarios introduced in the work and the waveform identified, is used to determine the Basic Insulation level(BIL), which is used to determine other parameters accurately, which in turn helps to ensure an optimal/novel Insulation coordination procedure for power system equipment in the station.
The results showed that the minimum required margin(15%) exceeded by a little value(i.e. about 1.08) and the evaluation carried out to raise the protection margin to 18% meant the relocation of the arrester to within 5.56m of the transformer.



Project Overview

INTRODUCTION
1.0 Background of the Study
The demand for the generation and transmission of large amounts of electric power today, necessitates its transmission at extra-high voltages. In modern times, high voltages are used for a wide variety of applications covering the power systems, Industry and research Laboratories. Such applications have become essential to sustain modern civilization[1].
The diverse conditions under which a high voltage apparatus is used necessitate careful design of its insulation and the electrostatic field profiles[2]. This entails the analysis of the electrical power system to determine the probability of post insulation flashovers. For instance, analysis must be carried out to determine that the insulation contained within power system components like transformers has the acceptable margin of protection. Since the internal insulation is not self-restoring, a failure is completely unacceptable. An insulation co-ordination study of a substation will present all the probabilities and margins for all transients entering the station.
Over voltages are phenomena which occur in power system networks either externally or internally. The selection of certain level of over voltages which are based on equipment strength for operation is known as Insulation co-ordination[3]. It is essential for electrical power engineers to reduce the number of outages and preserve the continuity of service and electric supply. In another perspective, Insulation co-ordination is a discipline aiming at achieving the best possible techno-economic compromise for protection of persons and equipment against over voltages, whether caused by the network or lightning.

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