Project Abstract

Abstract
This research project examines the extent of development made by the multi-party system in Nigeria's political sphere. Nigeria's transition from military rule to democracy in 1999 ushered in a multi-party system aimed at promoting political pluralism and enhancing democratic governance. The study utilizes a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods to analyze the impact of the multi-party system on political development in Nigeria. The research findings suggest that the multi-party system has contributed positively to Nigeria's political development in various ways. Firstly, it has enhanced political participation by providing citizens with a choice of political parties to align with based on their ideologies and interests. This increased political participation has led to higher voter turnout rates and a more engaged citizenry. Secondly, the multi-party system has fostered competition among political parties, leading to improved accountability and transparency in governance. The presence of multiple parties has made political leaders more responsive to the needs and demands of the electorate to secure their votes. This competitive environment has also led to the formulation of better policies and programs aimed at addressing the diverse needs of the population. Furthermore, the multi-party system has contributed to the decentralization of power and decision-making processes in Nigeria. The existence of multiple parties at different levels of government has allowed for a more balanced distribution of power, reducing the concentration of authority in the hands of a few individuals or parties. This decentralization has promoted local governance and grassroots development, empowering communities to participate in decision-making processes that affect their lives. Despite these positive contributions, challenges remain in Nigeria's multi-party system, including issues of internal party democracy, political godfatherism, and electoral malpractices. Addressing these challenges will be crucial in strengthening the multi-party system and ensuring its continued positive impact on Nigeria's political development. In conclusion, this research project highlights the significant strides made by the multi-party system in Nigeria's political sphere in enhancing political participation, accountability, and decentralization of power. By addressing the existing challenges and promoting democratic values and practices, the multi-party system can further contribute to Nigeria's political development and consolidate its transition to a stable and inclusive democracy.

Project Overview

1.1              Background of the Study
The development of political parties in Nigeria dates back to the days of the struggle for political independent in the late 1940s, when the nationalists were at the pre-independence and post-independence periods. In the pre-independence and the early post independence periods, political parties in Nigeria were not ideologically based. Rather, they were regionally based and woven around individual politicians who they saw as their mentors. In the last ten years, however parties were registered based on the exigencies of the time. This was the scenario until 1998; the need arose for parties that could usher Nigeria into a new era of democracy after over fifteen years of military rule. Historically, political parties in Nigeria have developed and still play a vital role towards the realization of the democratic objectives. Indeed, the last fifty years have seen an evolution of various political parties. From 1991-1993, Nigeria practiced a two-party system, with the government establishing the Social Democratic party (SDP) and National Republican Convention (NRC).