ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (ISO 14001) CERTIFICATION IN MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN NIGERIA: PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES
Table Of Contents
<p> <b>TABLE OF CONTENTS</b><br></p><p>Abstract........................................................................................................2 </p><p>Acknowledgements .................................................................................3 </p><p>Table of Contents ......................................................................................4 </p><p>List of Figures...............................................................................................5</p><p> List of Tables...............................................................................................5</p><p> List of Abbreviations..................................................................................6 </p><p><b>
Chapter ONE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------7</b></p><p>1.0 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................7 </p><p>1.1 Statement of Problem...........................................................................7 </p><p>1.2 Objectives of the Study ........................................................................8 </p><p>1.3 Propositions...........................................................................................8 </p><p>1.4 Methodology..........................................................................................8 </p><p>1.4.1 Instruments........................................................................................9 </p><p>1.4.2 Population and Sampling...................................................................9 </p><p>1.4.3 Data Analysis and Presentation .......................................................9 </p><p>1.5 Conceptual Framework ......................................................................10 </p><p>1.6 Rationale for the Study.........................................................................12 </p><p>1.7 Limitations to the Study .....................................................................12 </p><p>1.8 Outline of the Study.............................................................................13 </p><p><b>Chapter TWO
........................................................................................14</b><br></p><p>2.0 THE NIGERIA ENVIRONMENT..........................................................14 </p><p>2.1 Introduction .........................................................................................14 </p><p>2.2 Historical Overview of Environmental Management............................14 </p><p>2.3 Environmental Pressures Being Experienced in Nigeria.....................14 </p><p>2.4 Industrialization in Nigeria.................................................................15 </p><p>2.5 Industrial Environmental Problems in Nigeria .................................15 </p><p>2.5.1 Liquid and Solid Wastes................................................................16 </p><p>2.5.2 Air Pollution (Emissions)................................................................16 </p><p>2.5.3 Water Pollution................................................................................16</p><p> 2.6 Noise..................................................................................................17 </p><p>2.7 Impact of Industrial Environmental Problems .....................................17 </p><p>2.8 Approaches to industrial Environmental Management ......................17 </p><p>2.9 Nigeria's Environmental Laws ..........................................................18 </p><p>2.10 Undertakings Requiring Registration and Environmental Permit.......................................................................................................18 </p><p>2.11 Agencies Responsible to the Environment in Nigeria.......................19 </p><p>2.12 The National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP) .........................19 </p><p>2.13 Voluntary Environmental Management in Nigeria.............................20 </p><p><b>Chapter THREE
.............................................................................../.....21</b><br></p><p>3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ISO 14001 ...............21 </p><p>3.1 Introduction .....................................................................................21 </p><p>3.2 Environmental Management System.................................................21 </p><p>3.3 Components of an EMS.......................................................................21 </p><p>3.4 Drivers of EMS..................................................................................23 </p><p>3.4.1 Organizations.................................................................................24 </p><p>3.4.2 Market............................................................................................24 </p><p>3.4.3 Social forces/Community ...............................................................24 </p><p>3.4.4 Financial ...................................................................................24 </p><p>3.4.5 Regulatory Institutions ..................................................................24 </p><p><b>Chapter FOUR
.....................................................................................25</b><br></p><p>4.0 Francis Shine Gbedemah, LUMES Thesis, 2004 3.5 Approaches to Environmental Management Systems..............................................25 </p><p>3.6 The Gap between EMS Theory and Practice ..................................25 </p><p>3.7 The ISO 14000 series .......................................................................26 </p><p>3.8 History and Development of ISO 14001 ............................................27 </p><p>3.9 ISO 14001 Developments throughout the World..............................27 </p><p>3.10 Benefits of ISO 14001 Certification...........................................28 </p><p>3.11 Problems with ISO 14001 Certification ............................................29 </p><p>3.12 ISO 14001 and Environmental Management in Nigeria..................30</p><p><b>Chapter FOUR
.................................................................................31</b> </p><p>4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION..........................................................31 </p><p>4.1 Introduction .......................................................................................31 </p><p>4.2 Background and Location of the Industries........................................31 </p><p>4.3 Current EM Practices in Operation .................................................32 </p><p>4.4 Rationale for the Development of EM Practice ...............................33 </p><p>4.5 Certification to ISO 14001 in Nigeria................................................34 </p><p>4.6 Benefits Hope to Derive from ISO 14001 Certification.......................35 </p><p>4.7 Impediments to ISO 14001 Implementation ..................................36 </p><p>4.8 Level of Compliance to Legislation ....................................................38 </p><p><b>Chapter FIVE
........................................................................................40</b><br></p><p>5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................40 </p><p>5.1 Conclusions .....................................................................................40 </p><p>5.2 Suggestions for Future Research......................................................42</p><p> REFERENCES ......................................................................................43 </p><p>APPENDIX ..............................................................................................47 </p><p>QUESTIONNAIRE ADMINISTERED......................................................47 </p>Project Abstract
ABSTRACT
It is believed that environmental regulation is experiencing diminishing returns in that it is difficult and expensive to regulative pollution these days. Currently, education and voluntary measures are being used to address environmental problems. Voluntary environmental management (EM) initiative by industries was intensified worldwide with the publication of ISO 14001 environmental management system (EMS) in 1996. The adoption of the standard in developing countries, especially in Africa has been rather slow. In Nigeria many environmental problems are taking place and are being intensified with industrial development however, no current attempt is made to streamline voluntary environmental initiatives in the country to international level.
The paper investigates the current EM initiatives by industries in Nigeria and their motivation for adopting the system. Purposive sampling technique was used to administer questionnaires to 20 industrial establishments in the Osun State. It assesses current EM within the industries, benefits industries derived and hope to derive from EMS, level of compliance and hindrances to getting standardized EMS like ISO 14001. Results show industries developed EM practices like energy conservation, waste management and recycling. However, majority of the industries do not have any standardized EMS. Rationale for not getting international EMS certificate includes lack of motivation in the form of pressure from customers, consumers and government.
Others include the cost of certification, its voluntary nature and long time of certification of the standard. Some industries have however made plans of getting certified to ISO 14001 in the near future. It is concluded that certification to voluntary EMS like ISO 14001 is not likely to be effective in solving the current bad state of environment in Nigeria in that, the certificate is not a performance standard but rather based on “commitment to continual improvement” which is not in existence within the industrial set up in Nigeria. It is therefore recommended that enforcement initiatives should be combined with voluntary education for sustainable development.
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