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Construction of a fluidzed bed reactor

 

Table Of Contents

<p> </p><p>The project is the construction of fluidised bed reactor. After a detailed research mild steel was chosen as the material of construction based on its inherent properties. The construction process entitles the marketing out of the sheet to the specified dimensions. This was followed by center punching and cutting. The sheets are then joined together after rolling by welding. Finally, surface treatment like painting was carried out to give it a brighter colour and durable property. The dimension are:</p><p>Area of upper Nozzle = 4.56m2</p><p>Weir length of the nozzle = 0.16m</p><p>Area of upper frustrum = 4.36m2</p><p>Area of cylinder/vessel = 47.03m2</p><p>Weir length of cylinder/vessel = 0.29m</p><p>Area of the lower nozzle = 4.56m2</p><p>Weir length of lower nozzle = 0.31m</p><p>Area of the lower frustrum = 4.35m2</p><p>Radius of the perforated bed = 0.15m</p><p>Diameter of the perforation = 0.0251mm</p><p>Ration of length to Diameter is 2.1</p><p>The heat transfer coefficient of the material is 200w/m20C</p><p>The reactor constructed is a type of reactor that can be use to carry out a variety of multiphase chemical reaction example cracking of petroleum</p><p><strong>TABLE OF CONTENTS</strong></p><p>Title page &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; i</p><p>Letter of transmittal &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ii</p><p>Approval page – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; iii</p><p>Dedication &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; iv</p><p>Acknowledgement &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; v</p><p>Abstract &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; vi</p><p>Table of contents &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; vii</p><p>Nomenclature – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; xi</p><p><strong>

Chapter ONE

: INTRODUCTION</strong></p><p>1.1 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Background of the study – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1</p><p>1.2 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Statement of the problem &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2</p><p>1.3 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Purpose/Aims of the study &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2</p><p>1.4 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Scope and limitation of the study &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3</p><p>1.5 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Method of construction of the study &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 5</p><p>1.6 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Significance of the study – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 7</p><p><strong>

Chapter TWO

: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;LITERATURE REVIEW</strong></p><p>2.1 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Reactor &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 8</p><p>2.2 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Classification of reactor &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 9</p><p>2.2.1 &nbsp; &nbsp;Reactor types &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 9</p><p>2.2.2 &nbsp; &nbsp;Principle type of reactor &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 10</p><p>2.2.3 &nbsp; &nbsp;Homogenous and hetrogenous reactor &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 10</p><p>2.2.4 &nbsp; &nbsp;Mode of operation &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 12</p><p>2.2.5 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Reactor geometry (type) &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 13</p><p>2.3 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Fluidised bed reactor &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 14</p><p>2.3.1 &nbsp; &nbsp;Basic principle of fluidized bed &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 19</p><p>2.3.2 &nbsp; &nbsp;Design procedure &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 20</p><p>2.3.3 &nbsp; &nbsp;Fluidised bed reactor for mixing gas &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 22</p><p>2.4 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Fluidisation &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 24</p><p>2.5 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Mode of operation of fluidised bed reactor &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 26</p><p>2.6 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Advantages of fluidized bed reactor – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 28</p><p>2.7 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Disadvantages of fluidised bed reactor &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 29</p><p>2.8 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Uses of fluidized bed reactor. &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 32</p><p><strong>

Chapter THREE

: SELECTION OF MATERIAL</strong></p><p>3.1 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Engineering materials &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 34</p><p>3.1.1 &nbsp; &nbsp;Classification of engineering material &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 34</p><p>3.1.2 &nbsp; &nbsp;Metals and alloys &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 36</p><p>3.1.3 &nbsp; &nbsp;Ceramic and organic polymer &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 36</p><p>3.1.4 &nbsp; &nbsp;Organic materials – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 36</p><p>3.1.5 &nbsp; &nbsp;Inorganic materials &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 36</p><p>3.1.6 &nbsp; &nbsp;Biological materials &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 36</p><p>3.1.7 &nbsp; &nbsp;Biomaterial &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 36</p><p>3.1.8 &nbsp; &nbsp;Advance material &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 37</p><p>3.1.9 &nbsp; &nbsp;General properties of engineering materials &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 37</p><p>3.2 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Material selected &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 43</p><p>3.21 &nbsp;Factors considered for the selected of material 44</p><p>3.22 &nbsp;Reason for the material selected &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 45</p><p><strong>

Chapter FOUR

: CONSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURE</strong></p><p>4.1 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Tools and materials used &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 47</p><p>4.2 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Steps of fabrication process &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 47</p><p>4.3 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Precaution taken during fabrication &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 49</p><p><strong>

Chapter FIVE

</strong></p><p>5.0 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Discussion &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 51</p><p>5.1 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Conclusion &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;– &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 53</p><p>5.2 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Recommendation &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 54</p><p>REFERENCES &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; – &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;56</p><p><strong>NOMENCLATURE</strong></p><p> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;= &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Pie ca constant with value of 22/7</p><p>R &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;= &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Radius of the cylinder/vessels (in inches)</p><p>H &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;= &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Height of a cylinder/vessel</p><p>L &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;= &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Length of a rectangular plate</p><p>W &nbsp; &nbsp; = &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Width of the rectangular plate used</p><p>R2 &nbsp; &nbsp; = &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Radiius of the upper and lower nozzle</p><p>H2 &nbsp; &nbsp;= &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Height of the upper and lower nozzle</p><p>L2 &nbsp; &nbsp;= &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Length of the rectangular of plate used</p> <br><p></p>

Project Abstract

Abstract
A fluidized bed reactor (FBR) is a versatile and widely used technology in the field of chemical engineering and process industries for various applications including catalytic reactions, gas-solid reactions, and thermal treatments. This research project focuses on the construction of a fluidized bed reactor, which involves the design, fabrication, and testing of the reactor system. The design process includes determining the reactor size, shape, and material of construction based on the specific requirements of the intended application. Factors such as heat transfer, mass transfer, and pressure drop are considered in the design to ensure optimal reactor performance. The fabrication of the reactor involves the selection of high-quality materials that are corrosion-resistant and can withstand the operating conditions of the reactor. The testing phase of the project is crucial to validate the performance of the fluidized bed reactor. Various parameters such as bed height, fluidization velocity, and temperature are monitored and adjusted to optimize the reactor operation. The efficiency of the reactor is evaluated based on its ability to achieve the desired conversion or reaction rates. The construction of a fluidized bed reactor offers several advantages, including high heat and mass transfer rates, uniform temperature distribution, and enhanced mixing of reactants. These features make FBRs suitable for a wide range of applications in the chemical, petrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries. Additionally, fluidized bed reactors are known for their scalability and ease of operation, making them cost-effective solutions for large-scale production processes. In conclusion, the construction of a fluidized bed reactor is a complex engineering project that requires careful design, fabrication, and testing to ensure optimal performance. The versatility and efficiency of fluidized bed reactors make them attractive options for various industrial processes. By understanding the principles of fluidization and reactor design, engineers can develop innovative solutions to meet the growing demands of the chemical processing industry.

Project Overview

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