Project Abstract

Abstract
The extraction and formation of perfume from various plant resources have been a topic of interest for centuries due to the wide range of aromatic compounds present in plants that contribute to unique scents. This research project aims to explore different extraction methods and techniques used to obtain these aromatic compounds and to investigate the process of forming perfumes from natural plant resources. The extraction process involves various methods such as steam distillation, solvent extraction, enfleurage, and maceration. Steam distillation is one of the most commonly used methods for extracting essential oils from plant materials, where steam is passed through the plant material to vaporize the aromatic compounds which are then condensed to obtain the essential oil. Solvent extraction involves using solvents like hexane or ethanol to extract aromatic compounds from plant materials. Enfleurage is a traditional method where plant materials are placed on a layer of fat to absorb the aromatic compounds over time. Maceration involves soaking plant materials in a solvent to extract the aromatic compounds. Once the aromatic compounds are extracted, the next step involves the formulation of perfumes. Perfume formulation is a complex process that requires a deep understanding of the properties of different aromatic compounds and their interactions. Formulators need to consider the top, middle, and base notes of a perfume to create a harmonious and long-lasting scent. The formulation process often involves blending different essential oils and aromatic compounds in precise ratios to achieve the desired fragrance profile. Natural plant resources offer a wide variety of aromatic compounds that can be used to create unique and complex perfumes. Plants like roses, lavender, jasmine, and sandalwood are popular sources of aromatic compounds for perfumery. Each plant species contains a different combination of aromatic compounds that contribute to its distinct scent profile. By exploring the diverse range of plant resources, perfumers can create a wide array of fragrances that cater to different preferences and tastes. Overall, the extraction and formation of perfume from various plant resources is a fascinating and intricate process that combines science, art, and creativity. By understanding the extraction methods and the properties of aromatic compounds present in plants, perfumers can create innovative and captivating fragrances that evoke emotions and memories. This research project contributes to the ongoing exploration of natural perfumery and highlights the potential of plant resources in the fragrance industry.

Project Overview

1. 1 INTRODUCTION
The word perfume derives from the latin ―per fumum‖ meaning through smoke, is fragrant liquid that is sprayed or rubbed on the skin or clothes to give a pleasant smell. Extraction of perfume from various plants resources is of ancient origin. Infact the natives from different tropical regions of the globe have long been extracting oil from numerous oil bearing plants. Human since the ancient time have known how to extract oil from their natural resources. Vegetable oils are naturally occurring esters of higher fatty acids and glycerol. They are widely distributed in nature and were first consumed as food. Later oils were discovered to be used as renewable raw materials for variety of non food production, for instance perfumes, disinfectants, inks to mention but a few.

1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Several thousands of plants distributed throughtout the world contain a group of odiferous, fragrance, oily products that are highly volatile organic substances collectively known as essential oils. ―Essential‖ does not mean ―most necessary‖ but rather the concentrated characteristics or quintessence of a natural flavor or fragrance raw material (Coulson et al,

2003). Therefore, perfume may be from essential oils of vegetables or plant origin. It is a complex mixture of aldehydes, ketones, hydrocarbons, alcoholic acid and short chain esters.

The existence of perfume on certain plants has been known for thousands of years. They can be found in leaves, flowers, stems, barks, and roots. Ancient Egytians extracted essential oils from plants tissues by steam distillation (Ogbu,2005). Other methods of isolating essential oils includes solvent extraction, expression, cold plate or enfleurage. Some of these methods have been adopted by essential oil extracting industries. Information on perfume when the essential oils have been extracted from plants are of different type of oils and these will ultimately influence the smell of perfume over time namely:….