Project Abstract

Abstract
Perfumes have been used for centuries for their aromatic properties and ability to enhance personal grooming. The extraction and formation of perfumes from various plant resources have gained significant attention due to the increasing demand for natural and sustainable products in the fragrance industry. This research project aims to explore the extraction techniques and processes involved in obtaining perfume compounds from a variety of plant sources. The project will investigate traditional methods such as steam distillation, solvent extraction, and enfleurage, as well as newer technologies like supercritical fluid extraction and molecular distillation. Each extraction method will be evaluated for its efficiency in isolating and preserving the volatile compounds responsible for the characteristic scents of plants. Furthermore, the research will focus on the chemical composition of different plant extracts and how these compounds contribute to the overall fragrance profile. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis will be utilized to identify and quantify the components present in the plant extracts, allowing for a better understanding of the olfactory properties of each source. In addition to extraction techniques, this project will explore the formulation of perfumes using plant-derived ingredients. The study will investigate various blending ratios and combinations of essential oils and aromatic compounds to create unique and appealing fragrance compositions. Emphasis will be placed on achieving balance and harmony between different scent notes to produce well-rounded and long-lasting perfumes. Furthermore, the research will examine the potential benefits of using plant-based perfumes, such as reduced environmental impact, biodegradability, and hypoallergenic properties. Consumer perception and preferences regarding natural fragrances will also be explored to understand the market demand for botanical perfumes. Overall, this project aims to contribute to the growing body of knowledge on natural perfumery by providing insights into the extraction and formulation processes of plant-based perfumes. By exploring the diverse range of plant resources available for perfume production and investigating innovative techniques for extraction and blending, this research seeks to promote the use of sustainable and environmentally friendly practices in the fragrance industry.

Project Overview

1. 1 INTRODUCTION
The word perfume derives from the latin ―per fumum‖ meaning through smoke, is fragrant liquid that is sprayed or rubbed on the skin or clothes to give a pleasant smell. Extraction of perfume from various plants resources is of ancient origin. Infact the natives from different tropical regions of the globe have long been extracting oil from numerous oil bearing plants. Human since the ancient time have known how to extract oil from their natural resources. Vegetable oils are naturally occurring esters of higher fatty acids and glycerol. They are widely distributed in nature and were first consumed as food. Later oils were discovered to be used as renewable raw materials for variety of non food production, for instance perfumes, disinfectants, inks to mention but a few.

1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Several thousands of plants distributed throughtout the world contain a group of odiferous, fragrance, oily products that are highly volatile organic substances collectively known as essential oils. ―Essential‖ does not mean ―most necessary‖ but rather the concentrated characteristics or quintessence of a natural flavor or fragrance raw material (Coulson et al,

2003). Therefore, perfume may be from essential oils of vegetables or plant origin. It is a complex mixture of aldehydes, ketones, hydrocarbons, alcoholic acid and short chain esters.

The existence of perfume on certain plants has been known for thousands of years. They can be found in leaves, flowers, stems, barks, and roots. Ancient Egytians extracted essential oils from plants tissues by steam distillation (Ogbu,2005). Other methods of isolating essential oils includes solvent extraction, expression, cold plate or enfleurage. Some of these methods have been adopted by essential oil extracting industries. Information on perfume when the essential oils have been extracted from plants are of different type of oils and these will ultimately influence the smell of perfume over time namely:….