Project Abstract

Abstract
Perfumes have been an integral part of human culture for centuries, with their use dating back to ancient civilizations. The extraction and formation of perfumes from various plant resources have been a subject of interest for scientists and perfumers alike. This research project focuses on exploring the diverse methods of extracting aromatic compounds from different plant sources and subsequently formulating them into perfumes. The extraction process involves various techniques such as steam distillation, solvent extraction, enfleurage, and maceration. Each method has its advantages and is suitable for extracting specific types of aromatic compounds. Steam distillation, for example, is commonly used for extracting essential oils from plants like lavender and rosemary, while solvent extraction is preferred for delicate flowers like jasmine and tuberose. After the extraction of aromatic compounds, the next step is the formulation of perfumes. Perfume formulation is an intricate process that involves blending different aromatic compounds in precise amounts to achieve the desired scent profile. Perfumers often categorize fragrances into top, middle, and base notes, with each note contributing to the overall fragrance composition. Plant resources play a crucial role in perfume formulation, as different plants contain a wide array of aromatic compounds that contribute to the complexity and uniqueness of each fragrance. For example, citrus fruits like bergamot and lemon provide fresh and uplifting top notes, while floral essences such as rose and jasmine add a romantic and sensual touch to perfumes. Woodsy notes from plants like sandalwood and cedarwood offer warmth and depth to the fragrance. Moreover, the sustainability and eco-friendliness of plant resources are essential considerations in the perfume industry. As consumer awareness regarding environmental issues grows, there is a growing demand for ethically sourced and sustainable plant-derived ingredients in perfumes. Perfumers are increasingly exploring organic farming practices and wild-harvesting techniques to ensure the responsible sourcing of plant materials. In conclusion, the extraction and formulation of perfumes from various plant resources are a complex and fascinating process that combines art and science. By understanding the diverse methods of extraction and the unique aromatic profiles of different plants, perfumers can create captivating fragrances that appeal to a wide range of preferences. Embracing sustainable practices in plant resourcing is crucial for the long-term viability of the perfume industry and the preservation of natural ecosystems.

Project Overview

1. 1 INTRODUCTION
The word perfume derives from the latin ―per fumum‖ meaning through smoke, is fragrant liquid that is sprayed or rubbed on the skin or clothes to give a pleasant smell. Extraction of perfume from various plants resources is of ancient origin. Infact the natives from different tropical regions of the globe have long been extracting oil from numerous oil bearing plants. Human since the ancient time have known how to extract oil from their natural resources. Vegetable oils are naturally occurring esters of higher fatty acids and glycerol. They are widely distributed in nature and were first consumed as food. Later oils were discovered to be used as renewable raw materials for variety of non food production, for instance perfumes, disinfectants, inks to mention but a few.

1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Several thousands of plants distributed throughtout the world contain a group of odiferous, fragrance, oily products that are highly volatile organic substances collectively known as essential oils. ―Essential‖ does not mean ―most necessary‖ but rather the concentrated characteristics or quintessence of a natural flavor or fragrance raw material (Coulson et al,

2003). Therefore, perfume may be from essential oils of vegetables or plant origin. It is a complex mixture of aldehydes, ketones, hydrocarbons, alcoholic acid and short chain esters.

The existence of perfume on certain plants has been known for thousands of years. They can be found in leaves, flowers, stems, barks, and roots. Ancient Egytians extracted essential oils from plants tissues by steam distillation (Ogbu,2005). Other methods of isolating essential oils includes solvent extraction, expression, cold plate or enfleurage. Some of these methods have been adopted by essential oil extracting industries. Information on perfume when the essential oils have been extracted from plants are of different type of oils and these will ultimately influence the smell of perfume over time namely:….