<p> </p><div><p>PAGE</p><p>Title Page i</p><p>Certification ii</p><p>Acknowledgements iv</p><p>Abstract v</p><p>Table of Contents vi</p><p>List of Figures ix</p><p><b>

Chapter ONE

: INTRODUCTION</b></p><p>11 Introduction 1</p><p>12 Biology of Cassava and Maize 2</p><p>121 Cassava 2</p><p>122 Maize 6</p><p>13 Starch 8</p><p>131 Starch properties 8</p><p>132 Test for starch 10</p><p>133 Cassava starch 11</p><p>134 Starch synthesis 12</p><p>135 General biosynthesis of polysaccharides 12</p><p>136 Biosynthesis of a glycosidic bond 14</p><p>137 Structural alterations to sugar nucleotide before polysaccharide assembly 16</p><p>138 Starch hydrolysis (degradation) 17</p><p>139 Acid hydrolysis 17</p><p>1310 Enzyme hydrolysis of starch 19</p><p>14 Amylases 19</p><p>141 General properties of amylases 19</p><p>142 Sources of amylases 20</p><p>143 Plant amylases 20</p><p>144 Amylases production in germinating cereals 21</p><p>145 Maize amylases 22</p><p>15 Aims and objectives of research 23</p></div><div><p><b>

Chapter TWO

: MATERIALS AND METHODS</b></p><p>21 Materials 24</p><p>211 Sample collection and location(s) 24</p><p>2111 Cassava varieties 24</p><p>2112 Maize varieties 24</p><p>212 Chemicals/Reagents/Samples 25</p><p>213 Apparatus 26</p><p>22 Methods 26</p><p>221 Preparation of buffers 26</p><p>222 Extraction of cassava starch 27</p><p>223 Glucose calibration curve 27</p><p>224 Enzyme extraction 27</p><p>225 Method of enzyme assay 27</p><p>226 Effect of germination on maize amylase activity 27</p><p>227 Effect of pH on maize amylase activity 28</p><p>228 Germination of maize 28</p><p>229 Determination of activity in 20 varieties of hydrid maize 28</p><p>2210 Assay of amylase activity in maize 28</p><p>2211 Effect of Ca</p><p>2+</p><p>ions on amylase activity 29</p><p>2212 Determination of protein concentration in all enzyme extracts 29</p><p>2213 Protein determination 29</p><p>2214 Maize amylase specific activity 30</p><p>2215 Activity of maize amylase on cassava starch 30</p><p>2216 Effect of pH on amylase activity using cassava starch as substrate 30</p><p>2217 Effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity 30</p><p>23 Statistical Analysis 31</p><p><b>

Chapter THREE

: RESULTS</b></p><p>31 Effect of germination on amylase activity 32</p><p>32 Effect of pH on amylase activity 32</p><p>33 Amylase activity before imbibition at pH 55, 75 and 95 33</p><p>34 Amylase activity on day 3 after imbibition at pH 55, 75 and 95 34</p></div><div><p>35 Amylase activity on day 5 after imbibition at pH 55, 75 and 95 35</p><p>36 Protein determination 39</p><p>37 Maize amylase specific activity 41</p><p>38 Determination of maize variety with the highest amylase activity 45</p><p>39 Hydrolysis of cassava starch by enzyme extract from VARIF2 45</p><p>310 Effect of Ca</p><p>2+</p><p>on enzyme activity 45</p><p>311 Effect of substrate (starch) concentration on maize enzyme activity 45</p><p>312 Effect of pH on amylase activity using 1% cassava starch 46</p><p><b>

Chapter FOUR

: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION</b></p><p>41 DISCUSSION 50</p><p>42 CONCLUSION 55</p><p><b>REFERENCES 57</b></p><p><b>APPENDICES 62</b></p></div><h3></h3><br> <br><p></p>