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Comparative properties of the methyl and ethyl esters produced from avocado (persea americana) pulp oil

 

Table Of Contents


Chapter ONE

1.1 Introduction
1.2 Background of Study
1.3 Problem Statement
1.4 Objective of Study
1.5 Limitation of Study
1.6 Scope of Study
1.7 Significance of Study
1.8 Structure of the Research
1.9 Definition of Terms

Chapter TWO

2.1 Overview of Ester Production
2.2 Avocado Pulp Oil Extraction Process
2.3 Properties of Methyl Esters
2.4 Properties of Ethyl Esters
2.5 Comparative Analysis of Methyl and Ethyl Esters
2.6 Applications of Methyl Esters
2.7 Applications of Ethyl Esters
2.8 Environmental Impact of Ester Production
2.9 Economic Considerations
2.10 Future Trends in Ester Production

Chapter THREE

3.1 Research Design
3.2 Sampling Techniques
3.3 Data Collection Methods
3.4 Data Analysis Procedures
3.5 Ethical Considerations
3.6 Reliability and Validity
3.7 Research Limitations
3.8 Case Study Approach

Chapter FOUR

4.1 Analysis of Extraction Process
4.2 Comparison of Ester Properties
4.3 Impact of Reaction Conditions
4.4 Yield and Purity Analysis
4.5 Environmental Sustainability Assessment
4.6 Economic Viability Evaluation
4.7 Market Potential Analysis
4.8 Future Research Directions

Chapter FIVE

5.1 Summary of Findings
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendations
5.4 Implications for Industry
5.5 Contribution to Knowledge

Project Abstract

Biodiesel was produced from Avocado (Persea Americana) pulp oil by trans esterification with methanol and ethanol (61 methanol/ethanol-to-oil ratio) using 0.09% sodium hydroxide as catalyst in 60 minutes reaction time. The percentage yield of the methyl ester was 78% while that of the ethyl ester yield was 66%. Avocado pulp oil (APO) biodiesel obtained in each case showed good qualities on characterization with the fuel properties showing good qualities and promising diverse applications for various purposes. The brown coloured APO methyl ester was of similar acid value (0.8) with the standard ASTM D6751, with relative density (0.86) similar with that of the standard ASTM D975 petrodiesel but with slightly higher kinematic viscosity (8.1cst) than those of petrodiesel, while the ethyl ester has a higher acid value (1.26) and the relative density was 0.01 above that of petrodiesel. The pour point of the methyl eroster (-40C) and that of the ethyl ester (-20C) were within the standards specified by ASTM D975 for petrodiesel and ASTM D6751 for biodiesel.

Project Overview

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